Shabbos 94a

שבת צ״ד ע״א

Shabbat 94a

Learn Shabbos 94a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

Liability for carrying a vessel with food, and whether a living being carries itself (חי נושא את עצמו) on שבת

Overview

The amud opens by finishing a discussion about someone who carries food in a vessel and is liable 'even for the vessel.' רב אשי rejects the explanation that he was שוגג on the food and מזיד on the vessel. He explains instead that the person was שוגג on both and became aware of each at a different time, which depends on the dispute between רבי יוחנן and ריש לקיש. The גמרא then turns to the משנה's rule that carrying a living person on a bed is פטור, even for the bed. It asks whether this follows only רבי נתן, who holds that a living being carries itself (חי נושא את עצמו). רבא answers that even רבנן agree when a person is being carried, and they argue only about animals. A challenge from בן בתירא's permission to sell a horse is answered by limiting it to a horse that carries falcons. רבי יוחנן adds that רבי נתן agrees a tied-up (כפות) being does not carry itself, and Persian riders are shown not to count as כפות. Finally, the גמרא quotes the משנה about carrying a מת on a bed and begins a statement about רבי שמעון's exemption, which continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (16)

1. ResolutionUnwitting about the food, intentional about the vessel
2. Challengeרב אשי objects: 'even for the vessel' means the same liability
3. Resolutionרב אשי's case: unwitting on both, with separate awareness
4. StatementThe משנה: carrying a living person on a bed
5. ChallengeDoes the משנה follow only רבי נתן?
6. Resolutionרבא: even the חכמים agree about a living person
7. Challengeרב אדא בר אהבה: why link בן בתירא only to רבי נתן?
8. Resolutionרבי יוחנן meant a horse used for carrying birds
9. QuestionIs there really a horse just for birds?
10. ResponseYes, the falconers' horse
11. Statementרבי נתן agrees about a tied-up person
12. ChallengeThe Persians are like bound people, yet the horse is permitted
13. ResolutionThe Persians ride out of arrogance
14. ProofProof: the officer who ran three parasangs
15. StatementThe next case of the משנה: a corpse on a bed
16. StatementTwo chains of tradition begin explaining רבי שמעון's exemption