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Shevuos 10b

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Shevuot 10b

Learn Shevuos 10b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

רבי שמעון's ladder of atonement for the goats of ראש חודש, the רגלים, and יום הכפורים, followed by רבי יוחנן's ruling that unneeded תמיד lambs may be redeemed while unblemished.

Overview

The amud opens by finishing a proof that the outer goat of יום הכפורים is compared by a היקש to the inner goat. Then the גמרא turns to רבי שמעון בן יהודה's version of רבי שמעון's view in the משנה. In this version the goats of ראש חודש, the רגלים, and יום הכפורים form a ladder, and each covers more kinds of sin than the one below. Twice the גמרא asks why the lower goat cannot cover what the higher one covers, and each time it answers from a word in a פסוק. Each time it then challenges that the higher goat should not cover the lower one's sins either. In the second round the answer that רבי שמעון ignores 'אחת' is examined. In the end the גמרא concludes that he does learn from 'אחת', and only 'על קרנותיו' limits the inner goat to one atonement. A new topic follows: עולא quotes רבי יוחנן that unneeded תמיד lambs may be redeemed while unblemished. רב חסדא objects that their holiness cannot just disappear. רבה answers with a proof from leftover קטורת. רב חסדא replies that קטורת is different, and his reason continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

חַטַּאת הַכִּפּוּרִים״,

'the sin-offering of the atonements'

וְאִיתַּקּוּשׁ חִיצוֹן לִפְנִימִי.

and so the outer goat is compared to the inner goat.

רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר

Rabbi Shimon ben Yehuda says

מִשְּׁמוֹ כּוּ׳.

in his name, etc.

The steps (19)

  1. ConclusionFinishing the source: the outer goat is compared to the inner goat
  2. StatementQuoting the second version of רבי שמעון's view
  3. QuestionWhy can't the ראש חודש goats cover what the רגלים goats cover?
  4. ResponseThe word עון teaches: one sin only
  5. ChallengeThen the רגלים goats shouldn't cover the ראש חודש sin either
  6. Resolutionרבי שמעון does not learn from אותה
  7. QuestionWhy can't the רגלים goats cover what the יום הכפורים goat covers?
  8. Response'Once a year' keeps that atonement for יום הכפורים only
  9. ChallengeThen יום הכפורים shouldn't cover the רגלים sins either
  10. Resolutionרבי שמעון does not learn from אחת
  11. QuestionWhy doesn't he learn from 'once'?
  12. Response'Once' is written about the inside goat
  13. ChallengeThen the festival goats should atone like the יום הכפורים goat
  14. Resolution'On its corners' limits only the inner altar
  15. StatementUnneeded daily offerings are redeemed while unblemished
  16. Challengeרב חסדא: where did their holiness go?
  17. Proofרבה brings a proof from leftover incense
  18. Proofרבה spells out the point of the proof
  19. Rejectionרב חסדא says incense is different