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Shevuos 15b

שבועות ט״ו ע״ב

Shevuot 15b

Learn Shevuos 15b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Shevuos 15b in Gemara Clarity

Topic

Consecrating an addition to the עזרה and ירושלים: why the שתי הלחם can't be used, the songs sung, using פסוקים for protection, and the procession of the two תודות.

Overview

The גמרא looks for a leavened offering to use when consecrating a new addition to the עזרה. Leavening the שירים of a regular מנחה is forbidden. The שתי הלחם of שבועות are leavened, but every possible timing fails, so the גמרא concludes it is impossible. It then turns to the songs sung at the consecration: תהלים 100 with instruments, ארוממך, and the 'song of פגעים' (תהלים 91 and תהלים 3). This leads to רבי יהושע בן לוי, who said these verses at bedtime. The גמרא explains that using פסוקים for protection is allowed, healing with them is forbidden, and spitting and then saying them costs a person עולם הבא. Next, the גמרא explains that in the procession the two תודות walk ahead of the בית דין. It brings a מחלוקת over whether the תודות walked side by side or one behind the other, and over what 'the inner one' means. It challenges the side-by-side view from the משנה's rule that the inner one is eaten, but shows the same question applies to both views. רבי יוחנן then begins a new explanation, which continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

וְכִי תֵּימָא דְּמַחְמֵיץ לְהוּ לְשִׁירַיִם

And if you say that he leavens the leftovers

וּמְקַדֵּשׁ בְּהוּ –

and consecrates with them —

וְהָכְתִיב ״לֹא תֵאָפֶה חָמֵץ חֶלְקָם״,

but isn't it written: 'It shall not be baked leavened, their portion'?

וְאָמַר רֵישׁ לָקִישׁ:

And ריש לקיש said:

The steps (27)

  1. RejectionLeavening the leftovers of a meal-offering is not allowed
  2. ChallengeWhy not use the two loaves of שבועות?
  3. ResolutionIt cannot be done
  4. ResolutionBuilding and consecrating the day before does not work
  5. ResolutionBuilding the day before and consecrating on יום טוב does not work either
  6. ResolutionBuilding and consecrating on יום טוב itself
  7. ResolutionWaiting until after יום טוב
  8. ResolutionFinishing the building right after יום טוב ends
  9. Proofאביי's source that the מקדש is not built at night
  10. ConclusionUsing the שתי הלחם is impossible
  11. StatementThe songs and instruments at the consecration
  12. StatementWhy the song has two names
  13. StatementWhich verses are said
  14. Statementרבי יהושע בן לוי said these verses at bedtime
  15. ChallengeIsn't healing with Torah forbidden?
  16. ResolutionProtecting is different from healing
  17. ChallengeIf there is a wound, is it only 'forbidden'?
  18. ResolutionThe משנה is about someone who spits
  19. StatementQuoting the משנה about the procession
  20. ChallengeDoes the court really walk in front of the offerings?
  21. ResolutionThe offerings walk first and the court follows
  22. QuestionHow exactly did the two offerings walk?
  23. ResponseSide by side, or one behind the other
  24. StatementWhat 'the inner one' means in each view
  25. ChallengeWhy is only the inner one eaten if both walk together?
  26. RejectionThe same problem hits the other view too
  27. ResolutionA fresh explanation from רבי יוחנן begins