Shevuos 24b

שבועות כ״ד ע״ב

Shevuot 24b

Learn Shevuos 24b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Shevuos 24b in Gemara Clarity

Topic

איסור כולל and an oath on already-forbidden food, and why the משנה of one eating with many offerings leaves out a שבועה

Overview

The amud begins by finishing the rejection of a proof. An oath that names forbidden food makes that food significant, but a plain oath 'not to eat' does not. רבא explains that the view accepting an איסור כולל compares it to an איסור מוסיף. The exempting view answers that an איסור מוסיף works only on one single piece. רבא then rules that a second שבועה on figs and grapes also takes hold on the figs. This teaches that איסור כולל works even for a prohibition a person makes himself. רבא בריה דרבה objects from a משנה that lists four חטאות and one אשם for a single act of eating. If איסור כולל works, an oath on dates and חלב should have made five. The גמרא gives several answers for why the משנה leaves out the שבועה: it is self-made, it can be undone by a חכם, it brings a קרבן עולה ויורד, it applies to less than a שיעור, or it is only a לאו. Each answer is tested against items on the list, like הקדש and the טמא who ate קודש. The amud ends with a challenge to the last answer: the אשם is listed even though its sin is only a לאו.

Opening lines

The steps (25)

1. RejectionNaming the forbidden food made it significant, but a plain oath did not
2. Questionרבא asks the reason behind the inclusive-prohibition view
3. ResponseIt is just like an added prohibition
4. ChallengeWhy does the exempting view reject this?
5. ResolutionAdded prohibition works only on one single piece
6. StatementA second oath on figs and grapes also catches the figs
7. ChallengeIsn't that obvious?
8. ResolutionA prohibition a person creates still counts
9. ChallengeA challenge from one act of eating with four sin-offerings
10. StatementThe end of the quoted משנה: רבי מאיר adds carrying on שבת
11. ChallengeIf איסור כולל works, the משנה could have listed five
12. ResolutionThe משנה lists only prohibitions that come by themselves
13. ChallengeBut the משנה does list הקדש
14. ResolutionThe case is a firstborn animal, holy from birth
15. ResolutionSecond answer: the משנה lists only things that cannot be undone
16. ChallengeBut הקדש can also be undone
17. ResolutionWe already said the case is a בכור
18. ResolutionThe משנה only lists sins with a fixed offering
19. ChallengeBut an impure person eating holy food brings a sliding-scale offering
20. ResolutionThe משנה is about a king, following רבי אליעזר
21. ResolutionThe משנה only lists prohibitions that need a minimum amount
22. ChallengeWhat about consecrated property?
23. ResolutionConsecrated property needs a פרוטה's worth
24. ResolutionThe list covers only sins punished by כרת
25. ChallengeBut אשם is listed and it is only a לאו