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Shevuos 36b

שבועות ל״ו ע״ב

Shevuot 36b

Learn Shevuos 36b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

How רבי מאיר's view of 'מכלל לאו אתה שומע הן' is resolved, and the new משנה on שבועת הפקדון: who is liable, how many קרבנות, and the rule that a קנס brings no liability

Overview

The amud opens by finishing the question of whether רבי מאיר accepts the rule 'מכלל לאו אתה שומע הן', inferring a positive from a negative. The גמרא first reverses the opinions in the משנה and says רבי מאיר rejects the rule even in איסור. רבינא attacks this from the drunk and long-haired כהנים, whose death penalty is learned exactly this way. The final answer keeps the reversal: רבי מאיר rejects the rule only in money matters, and סוטה counts as an איסור that involves money. After the הדרן for פרק שבועת העדות, a new משנה begins about שבועת הפקדון, a false oath denying someone's money or property. It explains who is bound by this oath, the argument between רבי מאיר and חכמים about needing a בית דין, which states of mind bring an אשם, and how many קרבנות are owed for repeated oaths, several claimants, or several items. It ends with cases of a קנס and the general rule: a person is liable only if his own admission would have made him pay. The גמרא then opens with a story about three students in רבה's study hall, and רב כהנא's question continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

אֶלָּא אֵיפוֹךְ –

Rather, reverse it:

אֲפִילּוּ בְּאִיסּוּרָא לֵית לֵיהּ.

even in ritual matters he does not accept it.

מַתְקֵיף לֵיהּ רָבִינָא:

Ravina objected to it:

וּבְאִיסּוּרָא לֵית לֵיהּ?!

And in ritual matters he does not accept it?!

The steps (25)

  1. ResolutionReverse the opinions: רבי מאיר rejects the rule even in איסור
  2. Challengeרבינא challenges: the drunk and long-haired כהנים are liable to death
  3. ResolutionFinal answer: reverse the opinions; רבי מאיר rejects the rule only in money, and סוטה involves money
  4. ConclusionHadran — Closing פרק שבועת העדות
  5. StatementThe deposit oath applies to everyone
  6. Statementרבי מאיר: an oath imposed by others counts only in court
  7. StatementThe Sages: once he denied, he is liable
  8. StatementWhich mistakes count, and the guilt offering
  9. StatementHow the oath of deposit happens
  10. StatementFive oaths bring five liabilities
  11. Statementרבי שמעון explains why each oath counts
  12. StatementFive claimants: one general oath or separate denials
  13. StatementHow clearly must the word 'oath' be said?
  14. StatementSeveral kinds of items: one denial or many
  15. StatementWheat, barley and spelt: a general oath versus naming each item
  16. Statementרבי מאיר: even single grains count separately
  17. StatementFalsely denying that he raped or seduced the daughter
  18. Statementרבי שמעון exempts him because a fine is not paid by admission
  19. ChallengeThe חכמים answer: shame and damage are real money
  20. StatementStolen ox: denying the theft versus denying the slaughter or sale
  21. StatementOx that killed an ox versus ox that killed a slave
  22. StatementDenying an injury under oath: liable
  23. StatementDenying knocking out a slave's tooth or eye: exempt
  24. ConclusionThe general rule: paying based on your own admission
  25. StatementThree students learning in רבה's study hall meet רב כהנא