Succah 56a

סוכה נ״ו ע״א

Sukkah 56a

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Topic

How the משמרות share offerings and the לחם הפנים around the רגלים, and the order of the ברכות of סוכה and זמן

Overview

This amud begins in the middle of a ברייתא about the רגלים, when all the משמרות serve together in the בית המקדש. From ״חלק כחלק יאכלו״ it learns that they all share the לחם הפנים equally. From ״לבד ממכריו על האבות״ it learns that offerings not connected to the רגל stay with the משמר whose week it is. The גמרא then discusses whether, on the first night of סוכות, the ברכה of סוכה comes before or after זמן (שהחיינו). רב says סוכה first because the obligation of the day comes first. רבה בר בר חנה says זמן first because the more frequent ברכה comes first. The גמרא tries to link this dispute to בית שמאי and בית הלל on קידוש, but rejects the link. It then answers a challenge to רב from the שבועות bread distribution. The הלכה follows רב: סוכה, then זמן. Next the גמרא explains which extra offerings the scheduled משמר brings on the רגל. Finally, a new משנה teaches how the twelve loaves of לחם הפנים are divided between משמרות when יום טוב is near שבת and during the rest of the year, and how משמר בילגה was penalized.

Opening lines

The steps (35)

1. StatementAll shifts share the eating equally
2. QuestionWhich eating does the verse mean?
3. RejectionIt cannot mean offerings, since that is already known
4. ResponseIt means the לחם הפנים
5. StatementOfferings unrelated to the festival stay with the shift of the week
6. StatementQuoting the משנה about שבועות
7. StatementDispute: which ברכה comes first, סוכה or זמן?
8. Statementרב's reason: the מצוה of the day comes first
9. Statementרבה בר בר חנה's reason: the more frequent comes first
10. QuestionIs this an older argument?
11. StatementThe ברייתא about the order of קידוש
12. StatementThe reasons of each side
13. ProofMatching each אמורא to one side
14. Rejectionרב can agree with בית הלל
15. Rejectionרבה בר בר חנה can agree even with בית שמאי
16. ChallengeChallenge to רב from the שבועות bread distribution
17. Resolutionרב: this is a dispute between תנאים
18. Statementרב נחמן בר רב חסדא rules against רב
19. Statementרב ששת בריה דרב אידי rules like רב
20. ConclusionFinal ruling: סוכה first, then זמן
21. QuestionWhat does 'other communal offerings' come to include?
22. ResponseIt includes the communal sin-offerings for a mistaken ruling
23. QuestionWhat does 'he brings everything' come to include?
24. ResponseIt includes the altar's 'dessert' offerings
25. StatementNew משנה: when יום טוב is next to שבת, all watches share the bread equally
26. StatementOne day between יום טוב and שבת: 10 loaves and 2 loaves
27. StatementRest of the year: incoming and outgoing watches take 6 each
28. Statementרבי יהודה: the incoming watch gets 7, the outgoing gets 5
29. StatementIncoming watch divides in the north, outgoing in the south
30. StatementThe penalty on משמר בילגה
31. QuestionWhat do 'before it' and 'after it' mean?
32. RejectionFirst reading rejected: that would just be שבת inside the festival
33. ResponseCorrect reading: the festival's last day before שבת or its first day after שבת
34. ResponseWhy everyone shares: some came early and some stayed late
35. StatementQuoting the next line of the משנה: 'If one day fell'