Temurah 7b

תמורה ז׳ ע״ב

Learn Temurah 7b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

Blemished and unblemished animals for בדק הבית and the מזבח; רבא and אביי on double prohibitions; who can make a תמורה; selling a בכור.

Overview

The amud opens with a ברייתא on the פסוק 'נדבה תעשה אתו ולנדר לא ירצה'. It teaches that a blemished animal may go to בדק הבית, as a נדר or a נדבה, but never to the מזבח. The גמרא shows that רבי and the תנא קמא argue about consecrating such an animal for נסכים money. The word 'אותו' teaches that giving an unblemished animal to בדק הבית breaks an עשה. רבי יהודה adds that it also breaks a לאו, which he learns from the word 'לאמר'; בר קפרא and בי רבי then explain this by splitting the word to find a hidden 'לא'. Next, רבא and אביי argue whether offering a blemished animal's limbs breaks both 'do not burn all of it' and 'do not burn part of it'. A ברייתא listing five prohibitions refutes אביי, even after his two attempts to defend himself. A new משנה then teaches that a כהן can make a תמורה only on his own animals, not on a חטאת, אשם, or בכור he received, and רבי עקיבא proves this from a פסוק. The גמרא ends with רב נחמן's view that a כהן may sell an unblemished live בכור only nowadays, and it defends him against רבא's challenge.

Opening lines

The steps (33)

1. StatementA blemished animal may be given to Temple maintenance
2. StatementA blemished animal may not be given to the altar
3. Statementרבי: 'Not accepted' means the body itself being offered
4. ChallengeIsn't רבי saying the same as the first opinion?
5. ResolutionThey argue about consecrating it for libation money
6. ConclusionConclusion: the proof is accepted
7. QuestionWhy does the verse say 'it'?
8. ResponseOnly blemished animals go to Temple maintenance
9. StatementThe ברייתא adds a לאו from 'לאמר'
10. Questionרבי asks how 'לאמר' shows a prohibition
11. Responseבר קפרא: read it as 'לא' is said about these things
12. ResponseThe school of רבי reads it as 'do not say'
13. Statementרבא: offering a blemished animal's limbs breaks two prohibitions
14. Statementאביי: no double מלקות for a general prohibition
15. ChallengeA ברייתא counts five separate prohibitions
16. Conclusionאביי is refuted
17. Resolutionאביי: the ברייתא is talking about different people
18. ChallengeThe word 'violates' is singular
19. ConclusionIt must be one man, so אביי is refuted
20. Resolutionאביי swaps one item in the list
21. ChallengeOnly רבי יוסי ברבי יהודה counts collecting the blood
22. ChallengeAnother version: the first part is the רבנן
23. Conclusionאביי is fully refuted
24. StatementEach person can make a תמורה on his own animals
25. Statementכהנים cannot make a תמורה on these three
26. QuestionWhy not on a בכור?
27. Responseרבי עקיבא: the בכור is a gift like חטאת and אשם
28. Challengeרבי יוחנן בן נורי rejects the comparison to חטאת and אשם
29. Resolutionרבי עקיבא proves from a פסוק that only the original owner can make a תמורה
30. StatementA משנה elsewhere: a בכור may be sold and used for קידושין
31. Statementרב נחמן limits the משנה to nowadays
32. Challengeרבא challenges רב נחמן from the word 'alive'
33. ResolutionThe word 'alive' is not meant to exclude anything