Yevamos 114b

יבמות קי״ד ע״ב

Yevamot 114b

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Topic

The end of the חרש-and-sisters proofs about a קטן אוכל נבלות, the close of פרק חרש, and the new משנה on a wife's testimony that her husband died in war or other disasters

Overview

The amud first finishes a צריכא: the ברייתא needed three cases (שרצים, דם, and טומאה for כהנים) to teach that adults may not actively cause children to sin, because each case has its own special feature. Then the גמרא tries to prove from the משנה of a חרש and a פקח married to two sisters that בית דין must stop a קטן אוכל נבלות. The first two cases are pushed off, because in each one the wife or the husband is a responsible person with an איסור of their own. רבא brings a case where both husband and wife are חרשים. רב שמעיה answers that the divorce there is only a גזירה, so people will not think the יבמה may marry an outsider. פרק חרש then ends. A new פרק opens with a משנה: a woman who says her husband died overseas is believed when there was peace at home and in the world, but not during war or after a fight, and רבי יהודה and the חכמים argue about whether she must come crying. רבא explains that in war she may report what she only assumed. He then discusses famine, collapse, snakes, and plague, and the גמרא starts asking about a woman who is herself the only source for the war.

Opening lines

The steps (30)

1. ResolutionWhy the case of creeping creatures alone would not be enough
2. ResolutionWhy the case of blood alone would not be enough
3. ResolutionWhy food prohibitions alone would not teach about impurity
4. ResolutionWhy impurity alone would not be enough, so all three cases are needed
5. ProofNew source: a deaf-mute and a competent brother married to two sisters
6. ProofThe reverse case: the competent brother dies
7. ProofWhy force the deaf-mute to divorce his wife?
8. RejectionThe wife is responsible, so the prohibition is hers
9. ProofA second case: two competent brothers, one deaf-mute sister
10. ProofWhy must the deaf-mute wife leave?
11. RejectionThe husband is responsible, so the prohibition is his
12. Proofרבא's case: both husband and wife are deaf-mutes
13. ProofNo one has an איסור here, yet he must still divorce
14. RejectionThe divorce is only a rabbinic safeguard
15. ConclusionHadran — Closing פרק חרש
16. StatementA woman is believed when there was peace at home and in the world
17. StatementWith war or a family fight, she is not believed
18. Statementרבי יהודה: only if she comes crying with torn clothes
19. RejectionThe חכמים: crying or not, she may marry
20. StatementWhy the משנה mentions 'peace'
21. Statementרבא: in war she reports what she assumes
22. ChallengeBut she loves him, so she would check carefully
23. ResolutionEven what she sees can mislead her
24. Statementרבא's first view: famine is not like war
25. Rejectionרבא changes his mind: famine is like war
26. ProofThe woman whose husband died in a famine
27. Statementרבא's final view: famine is stricter than war
28. StatementCollapses and snake attacks are like war
29. StatementDispute whether plague is like war
30. QuestionIs she believed when she herself says there was a war