Yevamos 45b

יבמות מ״ה ע״ב

Yevamot 45b

Learn Yevamos 45b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

Whether the child of a גוי, an עבד or a half-slave with a בת ישראל is a ממזר, and how immersion done for another purpose can count for conversion or freedom.

Overview

The גמרא names רב יהודה as the one who rules that the child of an עבד and a בת ישראל is כשר. It then challenges this with his own ruling that a half-slave's child 'has no fix.' A first answer says that ruling is about a half-slave who made קידושין with her, so his slave side is with an אשת איש. נהרדעי reject this answer: both views learn from אשת אב, and the lenient view says a ממזר comes only from a man whose קידושין can work with other women. So the lenient view permits the child even with a married woman. The גמרא then answers that רב יהודה's case is a half-slave with another man's wife, where his free side makes the child a ממזר. After reports of actual rulings, the הלכה is that the child of a גוי or עבד with a בת ישראל is כשר, whether she was single or married. רבא acts on this rule, and רב יוסף applies it to a woman and her daughter, relying on רב אסי's view that an immersion for נדה counts for conversion. The amud ends with רב's ruling that a slave who immerses first to become free goes free, and the גמרא begins to ask the reason.

Opening lines

The steps (20)

1. StatementIdentifying who permits the child
2. Challengeרב יהודה says the half-slave's child has no fix
3. Resolutionרב יהודה's ruling is about a half-slave who betrothed her
4. Challengeנהרדעי: the lenient view permits even with a married woman
5. ProofBoth views learn from a father's wife
6. ProofThe lenient view's reading of אשת אב
7. ResolutionA new answer: the half-slave's free side with a married woman
8. ProofReport: רבי יוסי בר אבין ruled lenient for a single woman and strict for a married woman
9. RejectionCorrection: it was רבי יוסי בר זבידא, and he was lenient in both cases
10. Proofאמימר also ruled lenient in both cases
11. ConclusionFinal ruling: the child is כשר either way
12. Proofרבא declares רב מרי בר רחל fit and appoints him to office
13. ResolutionWhy someone with a Jewish mother counts as 'from among your brethren'
14. Statementרב יוסף says he can declare a woman and her daughter fit
15. ProofThe mother is fit because her נדה immersion counts
16. ProofThe daughter is fit because of the ruling just reached
17. StatementThe story behind רב אסי's ruling: the son of the Aramean woman
18. StatementA matching story: the son of the Aramean man
19. StatementA slave bought from a non-Jew who immerses first to become free
20. QuestionAsking for the reason behind רב's ruling