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Yevamos 53b

יבמות נ״ג ע״ב

Yevamot 53b

Learn Yevamos 53b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

Why the משנה lists extra cases, the three opinions on decrees after חליצה and ביאה, and the new פרק's rule that any ביאה with a יבמה acquires her, including what 'forced' means.

Overview

The גמרא first asks why the משנה lists a גט after חליצה, since only a מאמר after חליצה seems to teach something new. It answers that the בעילה half of the משנה has the same issue, so the extra cases are there only to keep the two halves parallel (אַיְּידֵי). Next it notes that our משנה, which says nothing works after חליצה at any stage, disagrees with a ברייתא of אבא יוסי בן יוחנן. That ברייתא treats חליצה like בעילה. This gives three opinions: the תנא קמא decrees only for ביאה, רבי נחמיה makes no decree at all, and אבא יוסי בן חנן decrees for both. The פרק רבן גמליאל then closes with a הדרן. A new פרק opens with a משנה teaching that any ביאה with a יבמה acquires her, whatever anyone intended, and that any ביאה with an ערוה or a פסולה disqualifies her. The גמרא explains the word 'אפילו' and brings רבי חייא's ברייתא, which widens the rule. It then asks what 'forced' means. Being forced by non-Jews is rejected because of רבא's rule, and the 'asleep' answer is challenged with a statement of רב יהודה that continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

חָלַץ וְעָשָׂה מַאֲמָר וְנָתַן וְכוּ׳.

He performed חליצה and made a מאמר, and gave, etc.

בִּשְׁלָמָא חָלַץ וְעָשָׂה מַאֲמָר, אִיצְטְרִיךְ,

Granted, 'he did חליצה and made a מאמר' was needed,

סָלְקָא דַּעְתָּךְ אָמֵינָא:

since you might have thought to say:

נִגְזוֹר מַאֲמָר דְּבָתַר חֲלִיצָה

let us decree about a מאמר that comes after חליצה

The steps (19)

  1. StatementQuoting the משנה: חליצה followed by other actions
  2. ChallengeWhy does the משנה need the case of a גט after חליצה?
  3. ChallengeCounter-question: the בעילה cases have the same problem
  4. ResolutionThe extra cases are listed only to keep the pattern parallel
  5. StatementOur משנה does not follow a certain תנא
  6. ProofThe ברייתא of אבא יוסי בן יוחנן: חליצה is like בעילה
  7. ConclusionThree opinions, starting with the first תנא
  8. Statementרבי נחמיה sees no need for any decree
  9. Statementאבא יוסי בן חנן decrees for both
  10. ConclusionHadran — Closing פרק רבן גמליאל
  11. StatementAny act of ביאה acquires the יבמה
  12. StatementThe same rule for forbidden and disqualified relations
  13. QuestionWhy does the משנה say 'even'?
  14. ResponseThe משנה is building from easy cases to a harder one
  15. Statementרבי חייא's ברייתא goes even further
  16. QuestionWhat case of a 'forced' man does the משנה mean?
  17. ChallengeIt cannot mean that non-Jews forced him
  18. ResponseSecond suggestion: the man was asleep
  19. ChallengeStarting a challenge from רב יהודה