Yoma 37a

יומא ל״ז ע״א

Learn Yoma 37a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

The כהן גדול's וידוי, the lottery משנה with its list of praised donors, and the גמרא on the מזבח's position, walking beside a teacher, the lots, and בן קטין's כיור

Overview

The גמרא finishes a ברייתא that uses the word 'כַּפָּרָה' to show two things about the כהן גדול's וידוי: it opens with 'אָנָּא', learned from משה at חורב, and it includes God's שם, learned from עגלה ערופה. אביי asks why עגלה ערופה does not also take 'אָנָּא' from חורב, and the גמרא leaves this as a קשיא. Two פסוקים are then brought as sources for the people answering when the שם is said. A new משנה describes where the כהן גדול stands for the lottery over the two goats. It then lists people praised for improving the מקדש: בן גמלא, בן קטין, מונבז, הילני and ניקנור. In the גמרא, the words 'north of the מזבח' are matched to רבי אליעזר בן יעקב, and the earlier משנה is re-read so that it fits his view too. The גמרא then works out exactly where a student walks beside his teacher. It also explains the rules of the lots: one for each goat, identical, and made of any material. Next it explains בן קטין's spouts and wheel. It ends by asking why מונבז made only gold handles and not whole gold vessels; the answer comes on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (40)

1. ProofSource for saying 'Please' in the confession
2. ProofSource for saying God's Name in the confession
3. Challengeאביי asks why עגלה ערופה doesn't learn from חורב
4. ChallengeThe משנה shows the heifer declaration has no 'Please'
5. ConclusionThe question stays unanswered
6. Proofרבי's source for answering when God's Name is said
7. Proofחנניה's alternate source from משלי
8. StatementNew משנה: where the High Priest stands for the lottery
9. StatementThe two goats, the box, and the golden lots
10. Statementבן קטין improves the washing basin
11. Statementמונבז המלך and הילני המלכה give gold items
12. Statementניקנור's doors and the praise for all the donors
13. StatementThe גמרא learns that the altar was not in the north
14. QuestionWhose opinion is this?
15. ResponseIt is רבי אליעזר בן יעקב: the whole north stays empty
16. ChallengeBut the earlier part followed אלעזר ברבי שמעון
17. ResolutionThe whole משנה is רבי אליעזר בן יעקב; read the earlier part differently
18. StatementQuoting the משנה: deputy on the right, family head on the left
19. StatementWalking on your teacher's right is boorish
20. ChallengeChallenge from the משנה: the deputy walks on the right
21. ChallengeA second challenge from a ברייתא and from the three angels
22. ResolutionThe student walks slightly behind, partly covered by his teacher
23. ChallengeBut walking behind your teacher is arrogant
24. ResolutionHe walks off to the side, only slightly back
25. StatementQuoting the משנה: the lottery box with two lots
26. StatementLots may be made of any material
27. StatementOnly one lot per goat, not two
28. StatementNot a full set of both lots on each goat
29. QuestionThen why does the Torah say 'lots' in the plural?
30. ResponseThe two lots must be identical
31. ChallengeWhy say lots can be made of anything? That is obvious
32. ResolutionWithout the פסוק, we would have required gold like the ציץ
33. Statementמשנה: בן קטין made twelve spouts for the כיור
34. StatementWhy twelve: so the twelve תמיד כהנים could wash together
35. StatementUpper spouts in the morning, lower spouts in the afternoon
36. Statementמשנה: בן קטין also made a מוכני for the כיור
37. QuestionWhat is a מוכני?
38. Responseאביי: a wheel that lowered the כיור
39. Statementמונבז המלך made golden handles for the vessels
40. ChallengeWhy not make the vessels themselves of gold?