Yoma 78b

יומא ע״ח ע״ב

Learn Yoma 78b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

Footwear on יום הכפורים, children's exemptions, and leniencies for a king, a bride, and a new mother

Overview

The גמרא finishes asking whether a cork sandal counts as a forbidden shoe on יום הכפורים. Eyewitnesses report that great sages wore cork, reed, or palm-fiber sandals, or even wrapped a scarf around their feet. רמי בר חמא objects from a ברייתא that forbids an amputee's wooden leg on יום הכפורים. אביי's answer, that the padding is the problem, is knocked down by רבא, who explains that everyone agrees the wooden leg is a real shoe. רבי מאיר and רבי יוסי argue only about a שבת decree. Next, a ברייתא teaches that children may do everything on יום כיפור except wear shoes. The reason given is that bathing and anointing are needed for a child's growth, and shoes are not. The גמרא then explains the משנה's leniency for a king and a bride to wash their faces, which follows רבי אליעזר, and it defines a bride as a woman in her first thirty days of marriage. A new mother may wear shoes because of the cold, and שמואל permits shoes where there is danger from scorpions. Finally, the גמרא quotes the משנה's measure for eating, a large date's volume, and introduces a question from רב פפא that continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (30)

1. QuestionIs a cork sandal allowed on יום הכפורים?
2. ResponseTestimony that רבי יהושע בן לוי wore cork on יום הכפורים
3. ProofTestimony that רבי אלעזר of Nineveh wore cork on a public fast
4. ProofHow various אמוראים went out on יום הכפורים
5. ChallengeObjection from the amputee's wooden leg
6. Resolutionאביי: the wooden leg is forbidden because of its padding
7. Rejectionרבא: rags cannot turn it into a shoe
8. Rejectionרבא: comfort alone is not forbidden on יום הכפורים
9. Rejectionרבא: the later clause shows the case has no padding
10. Resolutionרבא: everyone agrees it is a shoe, and the argument is about a שבת decree
11. StatementChildren may do everything except wear shoes
12. QuestionWhy are shoes different?
13. ResponsePeople will say adults put them on
14. ChallengeThe same worry applies to bathing and anointing
15. ResolutionBathing could have been done yesterday
16. ChallengeShoes could also be from yesterday
17. ResolutionNobody sleeps in shoes
18. ChallengeBut the ברייתא says children are permitted outright
19. ResolutionThings needed for growth were not forbidden
20. Proofאביי's mother on what children need
21. StatementQuoting the משנה: king and bride wash their faces
22. QuestionWhose opinion is the משנה?
23. ResponseIt is רבי חנניא בן תרדיון quoting רבי אליעזר
24. ResponseThe reason a king may wash his face
25. ResponseThe reason a bride may wash her face
26. Questionרב asks how long a woman counts as a bride
27. ResponseThirty days, proven from a ברייתא
28. StatementA new mother may wear shoes because of the cold
29. Statementשמואל: shoes allowed when scorpions are a danger
30. StatementNew topic: eating a large date's volume, and רב פפא's question