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Zevachim 41a

זבחים מ״א ע״א

Learn Zevachim 41a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

How rules pass between the חטאות: the יום הכפורים offerings, the communal bull, and שעירי עבודה זרה, and the limits on learning from a היקש

Overview

The amud opens with the end of a קל וחומר from תנא דבי רבי ישמעאל. That קל וחומר teaches that the פר and שעיר of יום הכפורים follow the dipping rules of את, בדם and טבילה. The גמרא asks how a rule learned by a היקש can go on to teach by קל וחומר. רב פפא answers that this תנא allows it. Next the גמרא asks why the ברייתא needs the word "לפר" for פר העלם דבר של צבור. רב פפא explains that it makes the burning of the יותרת and two כליות count as written about that bull directly. That way the bull can teach it to שעירי עבודה זרה without one היקש teaching through another היקש. A ברייתא supports him, reading "חטאתם על שגגתם" in במדבר as linking the goats to the communal bull. Finally the גמרא asks why "חטאתם" is needed when "החטאת" already included the goats, and רב פפא begins an answer that continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

שֶׁהוּשְׁווּ מַעֲשִׂים לְמַעֲשִׂים?!

that their actions are equated with each other's actions?!

וַאֲתָא לֵיהּ פַּר יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים (נָמֵי)

So the bull of Yom Kippur (also) comes and learns

לְאֶת בְּדָם וּטְבִילָה מִפַּר כֹּהֵן מָשִׁיחַ;

the rules of 'et', 'in the blood', and dipping, from the bull of the anointed priest;

וְאָתֵי לֵיהּ שְׂעִיר יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים

and the goat of Yom Kippur comes and learns

The steps (13)

  1. ConclusionFinishing the קל וחומר and applying it to יום הכפורים
  2. ChallengeCan something learned by a היקש go on to teach by קל וחומר?
  3. ResolutionThis תנא holds that a היקש-learned rule can teach by קל וחומר
  4. StatementQuoting the ברייתא: "לפר" is the communal bull
  5. ChallengeWhy do we need a word to teach this, if the פסוק is about that bull?
  6. ResolutionThe communal bull needs to pass the fats on to the goats of עבודה זרה
  7. ResolutionWhy the word "with the bull" is needed: to avoid a double היקש
  8. ProofA ברייתא supports רב פפא and asks why "with the bull" is written
  9. ResponseThe ברייתא links the goats of עבודה זרה to the communal bull
  10. ChallengeThe community bull only learned its rule through a comparison
  11. ResolutionThe double word 'with the bull' makes the rule count as written directly
  12. ChallengeWhy is 'their sin offering' needed if the goats were already included?
  13. ResolutionThe earlier source might have covered only the sprinklings