Zevachim 45b

זבחים מ״ה ע״ב

Learn Zevachim 45b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Zevachim 45b in Gemara Clarity

Topic

The ציץ and gentile offerings; when טומאה and נותר liability apply to items without מתירין

Overview

The amud opens with the end of a ברייתא about blood that became טמא and was then sprinkled. The ציץ makes an individual's offering acceptable only if this was done by mistake. A community's offering is accepted either way, and a gentile's offering is never accepted. The חכמים ask whether this can fit רבי יוסי, who is strict about gentile offerings. רב פפא answers from the word 'for them,' but רב הונא בריה דרב נתן challenges that reading, and רב אשי instead explains that גוים are not part of the ציץ's הרצאה. A new משנה then teaches that items with no פיגול liability still carry נותר and טומאה liability, except blood. רבי שמעון limits the טומאה liability to things normally eaten. A ברייתא shows from a פסוק that טומאה liability covers every consecrated item, and that it starts once the item is fit to be offered. The גמרא then looks for the source of the same rule for נותר. It weighs learning it from טומאה against learning it from פיגול, and finally turns to a teaching of לוי, which continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (22)

1. StatementWhen impure blood is still accepted: individual, community, and gentile offerings
2. ChallengeThe ברייתא seems not to match רבי יוסי
3. Resolutionרב פפא: the ציץ is different because the פסוק says 'for them'
4. Challengeרב הונא בריה דרב נתן: then 'which they consecrate' should also leave out gentiles
5. Resolutionרב אשי: The exclusion comes from the word 'acceptance'
6. Statementמשנה: Liability for נותר and טומאה even without פיגול
7. Statementברייתא: Maybe impurity liability needs permitting factors
8. ProofA קל וחומר from פיגול begins
9. Proofטומאה is the softer law, so it should be limited too
10. RejectionThe verse includes everything that is consecrated
11. QuestionIs one liable right away?
12. ResponseThe verse says 'approaches'
13. ChallengeApproaching alone carries no liability
14. ResolutionApproaches means fit to be offered
15. ConclusionWhen liability starts for each kind of item
16. QuestionWhat about leftover meat?
17. ResponseLearning leftover meat from impurity
18. ChallengeMaybe compare it to פיגול instead
19. ResolutionImpurity is the closer match
20. ChallengeNo, פיגול shares even more features
21. ResolutionDropping the comparison and turning to לוי's teaching
22. Statementלוי's teaching: the verse also covers disqualification by time