Zevachim 99b

זבחים צ״ט ע״ב

Learn Zevachim 99b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Zevachim 99b in Gemara Clarity

Topic

An אונן and holy offerings: touching versus eating, eating קדשים at night, and רבי שמעון's view that night אנינות is rabbinic

Overview

The amud opens at the end of a ברייתא: a man watched his basket but not the shovel inside it, so the basket is טהור and the shovel is טמא. The גמרא explains that a כלי does not make another כלי טמא. רבא adds that the shovel was guarded from passing on impurity, so the food in the basket stays pure. Next, רבי אבא בר ממל settles an earlier contradiction about an אונן: the Rabbis made an extra rule (מעלה) for eating קדשים but not for touching them. The גמרא then reads our משנה to mean that an אונן may eat קדשים at night if others invite him. It asks why a משנה in פסחים seems to say otherwise. רב ירמיה מדיפתי answers that our משנה is about פסח night. רב אסי answers that it depends on which day the relative died, because a burial day does not carry into its night מדרבנן. That answer follows רבי שמעון, who holds that night אנינות is only rabbinic. The גמרא then challenges him from his own ברייתא, which lists the פסח among offerings an אונן may not bring. רב חסדא and רב ששת each answer, and רב מרי begins a third answer that continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (26)

1. StatementThe basket stays pure but the shovel becomes impure
2. ChallengeShouldn't the shovel make the basket impure?
3. ResolutionA vessel does not make another vessel impure
4. ChallengeShouldn't the shovel make the food inside impure?
5. Resolutionרבא: he guarded the shovel from spreading impurity
6. Proofרבי אבא בר ממל cites the rule of one who ate שלישי of תרומה
7. ResolutionExtra strictness for eating, not for touching
8. StatementReading our משנה closely: an אונן cannot take a share, but may eat if invited
9. ChallengeA משנה in פסחים says an אונן eats only his פסח, not other קדשים
10. Resolutionרב ירמיה מדיפתי: one source is about פסח, the other about the rest of the year
11. ResolutionWhy פסח is different, and what 'but not קדשים' really means
12. Resolutionרב אסי: It depends on which day the relative died
13. QuestionWho holds that night mourning is only rabbinic?
14. ResponseIt is רבי שמעון, who argues with רבי יהודה
15. ChallengeChallenge: רבי שמעון says an אונן does not send his offerings
16. ResolutionNo: it means offerings other than the פסח
17. ChallengeAnother challenge: "שלמים" means only when he is whole
18. StatementThe ברייתא includes the עולה, בכור, מעשר, פסח, חטאת and אשם
19. StatementThe ברייתא includes birds, meal offerings, wine, wood and frankincense
20. ChallengeBut the ברייתא lists the פסח
21. Resolutionרב חסדא: the פסח is listed for no real reason
22. Resolutionרב ששת: 'פסח' means the שלמים of the פסח
23. ChallengeObjection: that is just the same as peace offerings
24. ResolutionTwo kinds of peace offerings are taught
25. ResolutionWhy both kinds needed to be mentioned
26. Resolutionרב מרי begins a third answer