Arachin 2a

ערכין ב׳ ע״א

Arakhin 2a

Learn Arachin 2a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Arachin 2a in Gemara Clarity

Topic

Who can pledge and be the subject of ערכין and נדרים, and what the word הכל adds in our משנה and in the parallel משניות about סמיכה and תמורה by an heir.

Overview

The משנה opens מסכת ערכין with a broad rule. Everyone can pledge ערכין and נדרים and can be the subject of them. A טומטום and an אנדרוגינוס cannot be valuated, because a ערך applies only to a definite male or a definite female. A חרש, שוטה and קטן cannot make pledges, because they lack דעת. The גמרא asks what each word adds. מעריכין adds a מופלא סמוך לאיש. נערכין adds a מנוול and a מוכה שחין, since the word נפשת shows that every living person has a ערך. נודרין is written only as a partner to נידרין, and נידרין adds a baby under a month old. The גמרא then asks the same question about הכל סומכין and הכל ממירין, and answers that both include an heir, against רבי יהודה. It brings the ברייתא where they argue and each side's source: רבי יהודה learns from קרבנו, and the רבנן learn from המר ימיר. It also explains how each side uses the three times קרבנו appears. The last answer for רבי יהודה continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (26)

1. StatementEveryone can make and be the subject of valuations and vows
2. StatementA person of uncertain gender can vow but cannot be valuated
3. StatementThose without mature understanding can be valuated but cannot vow
4. QuestionWhat does the word 'everyone' come to include?
5. ResponseIt includes a sharp child close to adulthood
6. QuestionWhat does 'everyone is valuated' come to include?
7. ResponseIt includes a disfigured person and one covered with boils
8. ResponseWhy we needed a special source for them
9. QuestionWhat does 'everyone vows' come to include?
10. Response'Vow' adds nothing; it is there for 'is vowed about'
11. QuestionWhat does the word נידרין add?
12. RejectionNot טומטום, אנדרוגינוס, or חרש שוטה וקטן
13. RejectionNot a baby under a month, and not a נכרי
14. ResponseIt does include the baby under a month: stated generally, explained later
15. QuestionWhat does 'everyone places hands' add?
16. ResponseAn heir does סמיכה, unlike רבי יהודה
17. QuestionWhat does 'everyone substitutes' add?
18. ResponseAn heir can make a תמורה, unlike רבי יהודה
19. ProofThe ברייתא where the רבנן and רבי יהודה argue about an heir
20. QuestionWhat is רבי יהודה's reason?
21. Responseרבי יהודה learns from the word קרבנו and applies it to תמורה
22. ResponseThe רבנן learn from המר ימיר and apply it to סמיכה
23. QuestionWhat do the רבנן do with the word קרבנו?
24. ResponseThe רבנן use the three times קרבנו appears for other lessons
25. Responseרבי יהודה does not include all partners in סמיכה
26. ResponseA second answer begins: even if רבי יהודה does include partners