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Arachin 30a

ערכין ל׳ ע״א

Arakhin 30a

Learn Arachin 30a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Arachin 30a in Gemara Clarity

Topic

Penalties for improper sales, and how the price is calculated when a sold field or an עבד עברי is redeemed

Overview

The עמוד opens by explaining why רב ענן still had a doubt about a field sold during the יובל year. He had not heard the ברייתא, and שמואל's ruling could mean the money is returned or is a gift, as in the case of המקדש אחותו. Next, אביי and רב יוסף discuss a slave sold to a buyer outside ארץ ישראל. Using the picture of a mouse and its hole, they conclude that the penalty falls on whoever now holds the forbidden item. The גמרא then explains two lines of the משנה: why a plowed year counts for the buyer, and רבי אליעזר's rule that a buyer can eat three crops in two years. A new משנה teaches that when a field was resold, the owner redeems it by the lower price, and it lists ways of raising redemption money that are forbidden with an ordinary buyer but allowed with הקדש. In the גמרא, רבי and רבי דוסתאי בן יהודה read the פסוק in two different ways that both help the seller, and the גמרא shows the case where they differ. It explains that redemption is read leniently because of a גזירה שוה with the redemption of an עבד עברי, who always pays by the lower value. The עמוד ends as אביי begins a statement that continues on the next עמוד.

Opening lines

וְרַב עָנָן בָּרָיְיתָא לָא שְׁמִיעָא לֵיהּ,

And Rav Anan had not heard the baraita,

וְדִשְׁמוּאֵל מִמַּאי

and as for Shmuel's statement, from where do we know

דְּאֵינָהּ מְכוּרָה וּמָעוֹת חוֹזְרִין?

that it is not sold and the money goes back?

דִּלְמָא אֵינָהּ מְכוּרָה וּמָעוֹת מַתָּנָה,

Perhaps it is not sold and the money is a gift,

The steps (31)

  1. ResolutionWhy רב ענן still had a doubt
  2. Proofשמואל's view on a man who betroths his sister
  3. ChallengeWhy penalize the buyer and not the seller?
  4. ResolutionThe hole steals, not the mouse
  5. ChallengeWithout the mouse, the hole gets nothing
  6. ResolutionPenalize where the forbidden item is
  7. ChallengeWhy does the משנה mention plowing?
  8. ResolutionWhy the משנה needed to mention plowing
  9. Questionרבי אליעזר: a field sold full of produce
  10. ResponseThe verse counts years, not crops
  11. StatementResold for more: the owner pays the first price
  12. StatementResold for less: the owner pays the last price
  13. StatementWays the seller may not raise money to redeem his field
  14. StatementWith הקדש all these ways are allowed
  15. QuestionSource for paying by the first price when the field was resold for more
  16. ResponseThe answer: 'to whom he sold it'
  17. QuestionSource for paying by the second price when the field was resold for less
  18. ResponseThe answer: 'to the man,' the one who holds the field now
  19. Questionרבי דוסתאי's case: the field rose in value
  20. ResponseThe answer: 'the remainder' that is in his hand
  21. QuestionThe field was sold for 200 and dropped to 100
  22. ResponseWhat remains in the land
  23. QuestionHow do רבי and רבי דוסתאי differ?
  24. ResponseValue went up, down, and up again
  25. ChallengeWhy read the verses to help the seller?
  26. ResolutionLearned from the redemption of an עבד עברי
  27. QuestionHow do we know the Torah is lenient with an עבד עברי?
  28. ResponseIf the slave's value went up, he pays by the original price
  29. ResponseIf the slave's value went down, he pays by the current value
  30. ResponseThe same leniency applies to a slave sold to a Jew
  31. Statementאביי begins a new statement