Gemara Clarity

Arachin 31a

ערכין ל״א ע״א

Arakhin 31a

Learn Arachin 31a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Arachin 31a in Gemara Clarity

Topic

Redeeming fields and walled-city houses: counting the redemption year, and whether the refund counts as ריבית

Overview

The amud opens by settling two ברייתות about redeeming a field. One allows borrowing to redeem it and redeeming it in parts, and the other forbids both. They follow the רבנן and רבי שמעון. A new משנה then teaches about a house sold in a walled city. The seller may buy it back right away and for twelve months, counted from the first sale. The rights pass to heirs, and the year includes a leap month (רבי says a full solar year). After the year, the house is the buyer's forever, even if he received it as a gift. The גמרא notes that the משנה does not follow רבי, who learns from ימים that the seller must wait two days. It then works out which words in the פסוקים each side uses to teach that the year runs from the sale date, ends at the exact hour of the sale, and includes the leap month. Finally, the משנה calls the refund 'like interest,' while a ברייתא calls it real interest that the Torah permitted. רבי יוחנן says this depends on whether צד אחד ברבית is forbidden (the רבנן) or permitted (רבי יהודה).

Opening lines

תָּנֵי חֲדָא:

It is taught in one baraita:

לֹוֶה וְגוֹאֵל

One may borrow and redeem,

וְגוֹאֵל לַחֲצָאִין,

and one may redeem in halves;

וְתַנְיָא אִידַּךְ:

and it is taught in another baraita:

The steps (28)

  1. ChallengeTwo ברייתות clash about borrowing to redeem a field
  2. ResolutionThe ברייתות follow different תנאים
  3. Statementמשנה: redeeming a house in a walled city
  4. StatementThe right to redeem passes to heirs
  5. StatementThe year counts from the original sale
  6. StatementThe word 'full' includes a leap month
  7. Statementרבי: a year plus its added days
  8. StatementAfter twelve months the house is the buyer's forever
  9. StatementThe משנה does not follow רבי's two-day rule
  10. QuestionWhat do the רבנן learn from the word 'days'?
  11. ResponseThe רבנן: the year is counted day to day
  12. QuestionWhere does רבי learn 'day to day'?
  13. Responseרבי learns it from 'the year of its sale'
  14. ResponseThe רבנן: it is the seller's own year, not the calendar year
  15. ResponseThe רבנן: 'days' teaches counting to the exact hour
  16. QuestionWhere does רבי learn counting to the exact hour?
  17. Responseרבי learns it from 'full'
  18. ResponseThe רבנן use 'full' for the leap month
  19. Challengeרבי also needs תמימה for the leap month
  20. ResolutionBoth kinds of counting come from 'until the end of the year of its sale'
  21. ChallengeIs it 'like interest' or full interest?
  22. Resolutionרבי יוחנן: two different תנאים
  23. ProofThe ברייתא about selling a field for a debt
  24. Statementרבי יהודה permits even the buyer to eat the produce
  25. ProofThe story of ביתוס בן זונין
  26. RejectionThe רבנן reject the proof
  27. QuestionWhat is the core of their disagreement?
  28. ResponseThey argue about interest that may or may not happen