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Bava Kamma 110a

בבא קמא ק״י ע״א

Learn Bava Kamma 110a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

A כהן who cannot fully serve hands off his קרבן; paying back what was stolen from a גר to the כהנים

Overview

The amud opens by finishing a ברייתא about a כהן with his own קרבן. If he is old or sick, he picks any כהן to offer it, but the עבודה and the hide go to the אנשי משמר. רב פפא explains that he can serve only with great effort. That still counts as עבודה, but eating that way is אכילה גסה, which counts for nothing. רב ששת and רב אשי give similar rules, one for a טמא כהן with a קרבן ציבור and one for a כהן גדול who is an אונן. The גמרא questions each rule and answers. Then a new משנה teaches about robbing a גר who dies with no heirs: the קרן and חומש go to the כהנים, and the קרן must be paid before the אשם is brought. The גמרא brings ברייתות proving that the word 'אשם' in the פסוק means the stolen קרן. It is not the ram, not the חומש, and not כפל. Finally רבא gives rules for paying גזל הגר: not at night, not in halves, and at least a פרוטה for every כהן. He then begins a question that continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

וְאִם הָיָה זָקֵן אוֹ חוֹלֶה –

And if he was old or sick –

נוֹתְנָהּ לְכׇל כֹּהֵן שֶׁיִּרְצֶה,

he gives it to any kohen he wishes,

וַעֲבוֹדָתָהּ וְעוֹרָהּ לְאַנְשֵׁי מִשְׁמָר.

and its service and its hide go to the members of the priestly watch.

הַאי זָקֵן אוֹ חוֹלֶה, הֵיכִי דָמֵי?

This old or sick one, what is the case?

The steps (30)

  1. StatementAn old or sick כהן gives his offering to another כהן
  2. ChallengeWhat kind of old or sick כהן is meant?
  3. Resolutionרב פפא: he can serve only with great effort
  4. Statementרב ששת: a טמא כהן with a קרבן ציבור
  5. ChallengeWhat case does רב ששת mean?
  6. Resolutionרבא: The benefits go to blemished, pure kohanim of that watch
  7. Statementרב אשי: A mourning כהן גדול may appoint any כהן
  8. ChallengeWhat does רב אשי add? A ברייתא already teaches this
  9. ResolutionThe new point: He may also appoint an agent
  10. Statementמשנה: Robbing a convert who then dies
  11. StatementThe robber dies on the way to Jerusalem
  12. StatementThe robber dies after paying the כהנים
  13. StatementThe money must come before the אשם
  14. StatementThe חומש does not hold back the אשם
  15. StatementThe ברייתא reads the פסוק: אשם is the קרן, מושב is the חומש
  16. ChallengeMaybe אשם means the ram
  17. QuestionWhat difference does it make?
  18. ResponseThe difference is רבא's rule: no returning at night or in halves
  19. ResolutionThe ram is mentioned separately, so 'אשם' is the money
  20. StatementA second ברייתא: 'אשם' is the principal, 'המושב' is the fifth
  21. ChallengeMaybe 'אשם' means the fifth
  22. QuestionAgain: what difference does it make?
  23. ResponseThe difference is the משנה: a missing fifth does not hold back the offering
  24. Resolution'His guilt in its principal, and its fifth' proves 'אשם' is the principal
  25. StatementAnother teaching: guilt is the principal, restitution is the fifth
  26. ChallengeMaybe 'restitution' means the double payment
  27. ResolutionThe verse speaks of money paid by the principal amount
  28. StatementNot at night and not in halves
  29. StatementA פרוטה for every כהן
  30. Questionרבא asks about the large watch of יהויריב