Bava Kamma 110b

בבא קמא ק״י ע״ב

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Topic

Laws of גזל הגר paid to the כהנים: which משמר receives it, trading shares, heirs versus gift-receivers, and אביי's rule that the money brings half the כפרה.

Overview

This amud deals with גזל הגר: money stolen from a convert who died with no heirs, which must be paid to the כהנים. It first finishes a question of רבא. What if the amount is too small for each כהן of the big משמר of יהויריב, but the thief gives it to the smaller משמר of ידעיה during יהויריב's week? The question ends as a תיקו. Next רבא rules that כהנים may not trade one גזל הגר payment for another, because the תורה calls it an אשם. Then the גמרא asks whether the כהנים get this money as heirs or as gift-receivers, and whether that changes the law of מעשר בהמה on animals they receive. A ברייתא listing the twenty-four מתנות כהונה includes גזל הגר and calls it a gift, so the כהנים are gift-receivers. Finally, אביי learns from the משנה that the money alone brings half the כפרה. The גמרא tests his reasoning with a חטאת, an אשם, and a יבמה tied to a brother with boils. The answer to the יבמה case continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (29)

1. QuestionEnd of רבא's question about the smaller משמר of ידעיה
2. QuestionWhich case is רבא asking about?
3. ResponseThe case: paid to ידעיה during יהויריב's week
4. QuestionThe two sides of the question
5. ConclusionThe question stays unresolved
6. QuestionMay כהנים trade shares of one גזל הגר for another?
7. QuestionThe two sides of the trading question
8. Responseרבא answers: it is called אשם
9. StatementAnother version: a direct ruling from רבא
10. QuestionAre the כהנים heirs or gift-receivers?
11. QuestionWhat is the practical difference?
12. ResponseThe case of stolen חמץ after פסח
13. Rejectionרב זעירא says the חמץ case is not the real question
14. QuestionThe real question: animal tithe on animals received for גזל הגר
15. QuestionHeirs owe animal tithe; gift-receivers do not
16. ProofProof setup: the twenty-four gifts of כהונה
17. ProofKeeping the priestly gifts is like keeping the whole תורה
18. ProofThe three groups, and the ten gifts eaten in the Temple
19. ProofThe four gifts eaten anywhere in Jerusalem
20. ProofThe ten gifts eaten anywhere in the land, ending with גזל הגר
21. ConclusionThe payment is called a gift, so the כהנים are recipients of gifts
22. Statementאביי learns that the money alone brings half the atonement
23. ProofWhy the משנה proves אביי's point
24. ChallengeThen a חטאת whose owners died should become חולין
25. ResolutionA חטאת has a received הלכה that it is left to die
26. ChallengeThen an אשם whose owner died should become חולין
27. ResolutionAn אשם also has a received הלכה: it grazes
28. ChallengeShould a widow tied to a brother-in-law with boils go free without חליצה?
29. ResolutionIn the יבמה case, we know what she wants