Gemara Clarity

Beitzah 19b

ביצה י״ט ע״ב

Learn Beitzah 19b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Beitzah 19b in Gemara Clarity

Topic

Bringing a תודה on the festivals, and the timing of בל תאחר

Overview

The amud opens by finishing the previous discussion: everyone agrees that נדרים and נדבות are not offered on יום טוב itself. The גמרא then quotes a ברייתא with three opinions about bringing a תודה on the festivals. The תנא קמא forbids it on פסח and on שבועות but allows it on סוכות, and the גמרא explains that this means חול המועד. It also explains that the line about פסח really refers to ערב פסח, because קדשים should not be put in a situation where they are more likely to become disqualified. רבי זירא challenges רבי שמעון's rule that all three festivals are alike. אביי answers that everyone allows bringing these offerings on חול המועד, and that the real argument is about when a person breaks בל תאחר: after any three רגלים, or only after three in order. רבי אלעזר ברבי שמעון allows a תודה even on יום טוב itself. He names סוכות because, unlike his father, he holds that סוכות itself is the deadline for vows. Finally, the תודה counts for שמחה but not for חגיגה, even if the person said so when he made the vow. The amud ends with a related question from ריש לקיש to רבי יוחנן that continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

אֲבָל נְדָרִים וּנְדָבוֹת —

However, vow-offerings and gift-offerings:

דִּבְרֵי הַכֹּל אֵין קְרֵיבִין בְּיוֹם טוֹב.

everyone agrees they are not offered on the festival day.

וְהָנֵי תַּנָּאֵי כִּי הָנֵי תַּנָּאֵי,

And these tannaim are like those tannaim,

דְּתַנְיָא: אֵין מְבִיאִין תּוֹדָה

as it is taught: One may not bring a thanks-offering

The steps (24)

  1. ConclusionEveryone agrees: no vowed or gift offerings on יום טוב
  2. StatementA parallel dispute: the first opinion on bringing a thanks-offering
  3. Statementרבי שמעון: all three festivals follow the same rule
  4. Statementרבי אלעזר son of רבי שמעון: a thanks-offering on סוכות counts for rejoicing
  5. ChallengeIsn't it obvious that there is no thanks-offering on פסח?
  6. ResolutionIt means ערב פסח: don't put sacrifices at risk of becoming disqualified
  7. StatementWhy no תודה on שבועות: no vow-offerings on a Festival
  8. QuestionWhen on Sukkot may a תודה be brought?
  9. ResponseIt means on חול המועד
  10. Statementרבי שמעון's rule quoted again
  11. Challengeרבי זירא: We even chop wood on חול המועד, so surely offerings are allowed
  12. Resolutionאביי: Everyone allows offering; the argument is about בל תאחר
  13. ResolutionThe תנא קמא: three festivals in any order
  14. Resolutionרבי שמעון: the festivals must pass in order
  15. Statementרבי אלעזר son of רבי שמעון: a thanks-offering on סוכות
  16. QuestionWhen does he mean? Not חול המועד
  17. ResponseHe means יום טוב itself
  18. QuestionWhy mention סוכות specifically?
  19. Responseרבי אלעזר follows his own view on בל תאחר
  20. Statementסוכות itself is what makes a person late
  21. StatementThe תודה counts for שמחה but not for חגיגה
  22. ChallengeWhy say it? An obligation must come from חולין
  23. ResolutionEven if he said so at the start
  24. Questionריש לקיש's similar question to רבי יוחנן