Gemara Clarity

Beitzah 21b

ביצה כ״א ע״ב

Learn Beitzah 21b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Beitzah 21b in Gemara Clarity

Topic

Cooking for animals and גויים on יום טוב, inviting a גוי, and the משניות on fire, insulating food and רבן גמליאל's stringencies

Overview

This amud finishes a ברייתא about the word לכם in the פסוק that allows cooking on יום טוב. רבי יוסי הגלילי says it excludes animals. רבי עקיבא says it excludes גויים, because you must feed your animals but not גויים. אביי then asks how date pits may be thrown to animals according to רבי יוסי הגלילי, and רב יוסף explains that they are fit for fuel on יום טוב and can be carried on bread on שבת. Next the גמרא brings רבי יהושע בן לוי: you may invite a גוי on שבת but not on יום טוב, in case you cook extra for him. רב אחא בר יעקב forbids it even on שבת because of the גוי's forbidden leftover wine, and the הלכה is publicly taught like רבי יהושע בן לוי. A new משנה follows about heating water and making a fire on יום טוב, and a ברייתא shows that only בית הלל allow the fire. A third משנה lists three cases where רבן גמליאל was strict like בית שמאי. The גמרא begins explaining the case of keeping hot food warm without an עירובי תבשילין, and רב הונא's ruling continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

״לָכֶם״ — וְלֹא לִכְלָבִים,

"For you" — and not for dogs,

דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יוֹסֵי הַגְּלִילִי.

these are the words of Rabbi Yosei HaGelili.

רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר:

Rabbi Akiva says:

אֲפִילּוּ נֶפֶשׁ בְּהֵמָה בַּמַּשְׁמָע.

even the soul of an animal is included in the meaning.

The steps (31)

  1. Statementרבי יוסי הגלילי: "for you" and not for dogs
  2. Statementרבי עקיבא: animals are included, gentiles are excluded
  3. QuestionWhy include dogs but exclude gentiles?
  4. ResponseYou must feed your animals, but not gentiles
  5. Challengeאביי: how can we throw date pits to animals?
  6. Resolutionרב יוסף: the pits are fit for fuel
  7. ChallengeWhat about wet date pits?
  8. ResolutionWet pits are fit for a big fire
  9. ChallengeFuel works on יום טוב, but what about שבת?
  10. ResolutionOn שבת the pits are carried on bread
  11. Statementרבי יהושע בן לוי forbids inviting a גוי on יום טוב
  12. Statementרב אחא בר יעקב forbids it even on שבת, because of leftover wine
  13. ChallengeThen our own cup leftovers should be a problem too
  14. ResolutionOur leftovers can be given to chickens
  15. ChallengeThe גוי's leftovers can also feed chickens
  16. ResolutionThe גוי's leftover wine is forbidden for any benefit
  17. ChallengeWhy not move the leftover wine along with the cup?
  18. ResolutionWood chips are only מוקצה, but the wine is forbidden for any benefit
  19. ChallengeTreat the cups like a chamber pot
  20. ResolutionYou may not create a chamber pot situation on purpose
  21. Conclusionמר שמואל's public ruling on inviting a גוי
  22. StatementHow מרימר and מר זוטרא handled a visiting גוי on יום טוב
  23. StatementNew משנה: heating water on יום טוב for washing feet, and warming oneself by a fire
  24. QuestionWho taught the rule about making a fire?
  25. ResponseA ברייתא shows only בית הלל allow it
  26. StatementThree cases where רבן גמליאל was strict like בית שמאי
  27. Proofרבן גמליאל points to his father's house
  28. RejectionThe חכמים: your family was strict only for themselves
  29. ChallengeWhat case is insulating hot food about?
  30. Resolutionרב הונא: no עירוב, but basic needs were allowed
  31. Proofרב הונא is consistent with his own ruling