Bechoros 28a

בכורות כ״ח ע״א

Bekhorot 28a

Learn Bechoros 28a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

Learning the laws of a בכור from במדבר 18:18, how long the owner may keep a בכור בעל מום, and a בכור slaughtered before an expert saw its מום

Overview

The amud opens by finishing a back-and-forth about the פסוק 'וּבְשָׂרָם יִהְיֶה לָּךְ'. רב יהודה in the name of רב and the חכמים of the school of רב argue over which words teach that a בכור is eaten for two days and one night, and which words teach that a בכור בעל מום goes to the כהן. Next the גמרא asks about our משנה: when a בכור gets a מום in its first year, does the owner get any time after the year? A first ברייתא cannot settle it. A second ברייתא gives only enough days after the year to complete thirty days from the מום. In one version this supports רבי אלעזר. In another version רבי אלעזר gives thirty full days after the year, and that version is refuted. A new משנה follows: רבי יהודה and רבי מאיר argue about a בכור slaughtered before an expert saw its מום, and a non-expert who approves a slaughter must pay. רבה בר בר חנה explains that everyone forbids eye blemishes, and they argue only about body blemishes, which רבי מאיר forbids as a גזירה. The amud ends as רב נחמן בר יצחק begins a statement that continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (20)

1. ResponseWhy the comparison to breast and thigh is not enough
2. ResolutionThe extra 'it shall be yours' settles the question
3. ResolutionThe extra words are needed for a blemished firstborn
4. Resolution'Their flesh' covers the blemished firstborn
5. Resolution'Their flesh' means the firstborns of all Israel
6. QuestionDo the thirty days come on top of the twelve months?
7. ProofA ברייתא seems to give thirty days after the year
8. RejectionThe ברייתא has the same question
9. ProofA ברייתא answers the question: the extra days complete thirty from the מום
10. ProofThis ברייתא supports רבי אלעזר
11. StatementA second version: רבי אלעזר gives thirty full days after the year
12. ChallengeThe same ברייתא challenges this version of רבי אלעזר
13. Conclusionרבי אלעזר is refuted in this version
14. StatementNew משנה: a בכור slaughtered before an expert saw its מום
15. StatementA non-expert who approves a בכור must pay
16. StatementEye blemishes are forbidden by all; the argument is only about body blemishes
17. ProofA ברייתא supports רבה בר בר חנה
18. ChallengeDo body blemishes really change?
19. ResolutionRead it as: because of the ones that change
20. Statementרב נחמן בר יצחק begins a new statement