Gemara Clarity

Berachos 21b

ברכות כ״א ע״ב

Berakhot 21b

Learn Berachos 21b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Berachos 21b in Gemara Clarity

Topic

Latecomers and קדושה, interrupting the עמידה, and רבי יהודה's view on a בעל קרי

Overview

The גמרא finishes explaining why two rulings about not repeating תפילה are both needed. Then רב הונא and רבי יהושע בן לוי argue about a latecomer to shul. He may start his עמידה only if he can finish before the שליח צבור reaches מודים, or, according to רבי יהושע בן לוי, קדושה. The argument depends on whether a יחיד may say קדושה, and a גזירה שוה of 'תוך' shows that any דבר שבקדושה needs ten. Everyone agrees one does not interrupt the עמידה for קדושה, and the הלכה is that one does not interrupt even for יהא שמו הגדול מבורך. The גמרא then challenges רבי יהודה of our משנה, who lets a בעל קרי say ברכות, from the פסוקים about הר סיני. It answers that those סמוכים are needed for another teaching, after proving where רבי יהודה does and does not learn from סמוכים. Finally, a משנה about טבילה for קרי is used to show that רבי יהודה seems to require טבילה for a plain בעל קרי, and this discussion continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

אוֹ צִבּוּר וְצִבּוּר,

or a congregation and a congregation;

אֲבָל יָחִיד לְגַבֵּי צִבּוּר

but an individual compared to a congregation

כְּמַאן דְּלָא צַלִּי דָּמֵי,

is like one who has not prayed,

קָא מַשְׁמַע לַן.

so it teaches us [otherwise].

The steps (28)

  1. ResolutionWhy the synagogue ruling is needed
  2. ResolutionWhy the stopping ruling is needed, so both are needed
  3. Statementרב הונא: finish before מודים
  4. Statementרבי יהושע בן לוי: finish before קדושה
  5. QuestionWhat is the argument about?
  6. ResponseCan a יחיד say קדושה?
  7. ProofA פסוק shows קדושה needs ten
  8. QuestionHow does the verse show that ten are needed?
  9. ResponseThe word 'among' links to the congregation of קרח
  10. ConclusionEveryone agrees you do not stop your עמידה for קדושה
  11. QuestionMay one stop the עמידה to answer יהא שמו הגדול מבורך?
  12. Responseרב דימי reports: stop for nothing except יהא שמו הגדול מבורך
  13. ConclusionThe הלכה does not follow this view
  14. StatementBack to the משנה: רבי יהודה says a בעל קרי makes the ברכות
  15. ChallengeChallenge: a בעל קרי is forbidden in Torah learning
  16. ChallengeBlocking the escape: רבי יהודה learns from סמוכים in משנה תורה
  17. QuestionWhere do we see רבי יהודה ignore סמוכים in the rest of the Torah?
  18. Proofרבי יהודה rejects learning stoning from סמוכים
  19. QuestionWhere do we see רבי יהודה use סמוכים in משנה תורה?
  20. Proofרבי יהודה forbids marrying a woman his father raped or seduced
  21. ProofThe verse is about rape because of the verse next to it
  22. ResolutionThose verses are needed for a different teaching
  23. StatementA משנה: רבי יהודה exempts severely impure people from immersion
  24. Challengeרבי יהודה Only Exempts a זב
  25. ResolutionMaybe the Argument Shows How Far the רבנן Go
  26. RejectionLook at the Last Case of the משנה
  27. QuestionThis Case Can't Be the רבנן's View
  28. ResponseSo the סיפא Must Follow רבי יהודה