Berachos 22b

ברכות כ״ב ע״ב

Berakhot 22b

Learn Berachos 22b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Berachos 22b in Gemara Clarity

Topic

The purification a בעל קרי needs (forty סאה, nine קבין, or nothing), and the משנה's rules about a בעל קרי, foul things, and interruptions during תפלה and שמע

Overview

The amud opens by finishing a story: רב אסי rules that a sick person with an involuntary emission needs no purification at all. אביי and רבא then give two different histories of how עזרא's enactment of טבילה grew into rules of forty סאה, nine קבין, or nothing. רבא gives the practical הלכה: any normal emission needs forty סאה, a healthy person with an involuntary emission needs nine קבין, and a sick person with an involuntary emission needs nothing. A ברייתא adds that nine קבין is enough for learning alone but forty סאה is needed to teach others, and four אמוראים argue about how to read it. A story about leading ברכת המזון and רב חמא's immersion before פסח show this idea in practice, but the הלכה does not follow רב חמא. Then a new משנה teaches what a בעל קרי does if he remembers in the middle of תפלה, how to say שמע while immersing, and to keep four אמות from foul things. The גמרא discusses צואה near someone praying, and רבה and רבא argue whether a תפלה said near צואה counts. The amud ends with a dispute about where a person resumes after stopping his תפלה, and the גמרא begins to suggest the reason behind it.

Opening lines

The steps (34)

1. Responseרב אסי: a sick person with an involuntary emission is fully exempt
2. Conclusionרב יוסף: רב נחמן's jug is useful again
3. QuestionLet's look at what עזרא actually enacted
4. Responseאביי: עזרא made two rules for a healthy person
5. Statementאביי: the אמוראים argued only about a sick person
6. Challengeרבא: עזרא never enacted pouring
7. Resolutionרבא: עזרא enacted forty סאה, and later רבנן added nine קבין
8. Statementרבא: the Amoraim's dispute about a sick person
9. Conclusionרבא's practical ruling
10. StatementA teaching on nine קבין for oneself and forty סאה for others
11. StatementDispute over the first part: does teaching others always need forty סאה?
12. StatementDispute over the last part: does רבי יהודה's forty סאה work in vessels?
13. ChallengeWhat does 'in any case' add for the opinion that requires ground water?
14. ResolutionIt includes drawn water
15. Statementרב פפא asks to lead ברכת המזון because nine קבין fell on him
16. Challengeרבא בר רבי בר שמואל objects that acting for others needs forty סאה
17. Statementרב הונא never became impure at all
18. Statementרב חמא immersed on ערב פסח for the public
19. ConclusionThe הלכה does not follow רב חמא
20. StatementRemembering in the middle of prayer: shorten, don't stop
21. StatementImmersing near sunrise: saying שמע in the water if needed
22. StatementNot in foul water, and four אמות from foul things
23. Statementברייתא adds קריאת התורה: read on with a quick voice
24. Statementרבי מאיר: no more than three פסוקים
25. Statementצואה in front of you: walk forward past it
26. ChallengeBut another ברייתא says to the side
27. ResolutionForward when possible, to the side when not
28. Statementרבה: a prayer said near feces still counts
29. Challengeרבא's challenge: the offering of the wicked is disgusting
30. Statementרבא's ruling: such a prayer is worthless
31. Statementברייתא: stop praying while urine drips
32. QuestionWhere does he pick up again?
33. ResponseTwo views: from the beginning, or from where he stopped
34. QuestionSuggesting the root of their disagreement