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Berachos 48b

ברכות מ״ח ע״ב

Berakhot 48b

Learn Berachos 48b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Berachos 48b in Gemara Clarity

Topic

The rules of זימון, the origins, order and תורה sources of the ברכות of ברכת המזון, the sources for ברכת התורה, and the required wording of ברכת המזון.

Overview

This amud begins in the middle of a ruling about זימון. Even someone who ate one dried fig can join the group, but only someone who ate a כזית of grain can be מוציא others, and רבא rules the same way. רב נחמן then traces the history of the four ברכות of ברכת המזון: משה, יהושע, דוד and שלמה, and the חכמים in יבנה after the tragedy of ביתר. A ברייתא gives the order of the ברכות and a מחלוקת about where to mention שבת, and the גמרא explains that the תנא קמא and the חכמים differ only בדיעבד. Another ברייתא learns each ברכה from the פסוק ״וְאָכַלְתָּ וְשָׂבָעְתָּ וּבֵרַכְתָּ״, and several תנאים give different sources for the ברכה before eating. After a short side story about why the maidens spoke at length to שאול, the ברייתא brings sources for ברכת התורה, and רבי מאיר teaches that we bless ה׳ over bad things too. The amud ends with required wording in ברכת המזון: ארץ חמדה טובה ורחבה, מלכות בית דוד, ברית and תורה. פלימו's reason for putting ברית before תורה continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

טִבֵּל עִמָּהֶם אֶלָּא בְּצִיר,

(even if) he dipped with them only in brine,

וְלֹא אָכַל עִמָּהֶם אֶלָּא גְּרוֹגֶרֶת אַחַת —

and ate with them only a single dried fig —

מִצְטָרֵף.

he joins (them for the זימון).

וּלְהוֹצִיא אֶת הָרַבִּים יְדֵי חוֹבָתָם —

And to fulfill the obligation of the many —

The steps (36)

  1. StatementEven a tiny amount of food lets someone join the group
  2. StatementBeing מוציא others requires a כזית of grain
  3. ConclusionThe final הלכה: a vegetable leaf and wine let him join, but not lead
  4. Statementמשה instituted the first ברכה when the מן fell
  5. Statementיהושע instituted the ברכה about the land
  6. Statementדוד and שלמה instituted בונה ירושלים
  7. StatementThe fourth ברכה was instituted in יבנה because of ביתר
  8. Proofרב מתנא explains the two words of the fourth ברכה
  9. StatementA ברייתא lists the order of the four ברכות
  10. StatementOn שבת, mention the day inside the ברכה of comfort
  11. Statementרבי אליעזר: שבת may be mentioned in any of three ברכות
  12. StatementThe חכמים: only in the ברכה of comfort
  13. ChallengeAren't the חכמים saying the same thing as the תנא קמא?
  14. ResolutionThe difference is בדיעבד
  15. QuestionWhere Does the תורה Command ברכת המזון?
  16. ResponseEach Blessing Is Found in One Verse
  17. QuestionWhat About a Blessing Before Eating?
  18. ResponseA Hungry Person Should Surely Bless
  19. Statementרבי Reads the Verse Differently
  20. Questionרבי Also Asks About Before Eating
  21. ResponseBless From the Moment He Gave It
  22. Statementרבי יצחק: Bread Is Bread Before You Eat It
  23. Statementרבי נתן: שמואל Blessed Before the People Ate
  24. QuestionWhy did the maidens talk so much?
  25. ResponseBecause women talk a lot
  26. StatementTo look at שאול's beauty
  27. StatementOne kingdom cannot overlap another
  28. QuestionWhere do we learn ברכת התורה?
  29. Responseרבי ישמעאל: a קל וחומר
  30. StatementNo need for a קל וחומר: the word "gave"
  31. StatementWe bless on bad things too
  32. Statement"Good" means תורה, and "the good" means ירושלים
  33. StatementRequired wording for ברכת הארץ and בונה ירושלים
  34. Statementנחום הזקן requires mentioning ברית
  35. Statementרבי יוסי requires mentioning תורה
  36. Statementפלימו says ברית must come before תורה