Gemara Clarity

Gittin 30a

גיטין ל׳ ע״א

Learn Gittin 30a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Gittin 30a in Gemara Clarity

Topic

Replacement agents and conditional גיטין; repaying a loan to a כהן, לוי, or עני through their gifts

Overview

The amud opens by finishing an earlier question. A בית דין may appoint a replacement agent to carry a גט whether or not the first agent is present, and a ruling sent from ארץ ישראל confirms this. Next come two stories of a גט given on a thirty-day condition. In the first, the husband reached the river but could not cross it in time, and שמואל rules that this does not count as coming. In the second, the husband tried to make peace with his wife but she refused. רב יוסף's ruling is reported in two opposite versions, and the גמרא ties them to the question of whether אונס counts in גיטין. A new משנה then lets a lender to a כהן, לוי, or עני repay himself from their gifts, assuming they are still alive. The גמרא brings three answers, from רב, שמואל, and עולא, to how gifts they never received can count as repayment. A ברייתא adds more rules: the cheaper price, no ריבית, no cancellation by שביעית, who may back out, and the case of a loan the lender gave up on. The amud ends with רבי אליעזר בן יעקב and רבי אחי on what happens when the borrower dies, and the גמרא asks what difference their two views make. The answer comes on the next amud.

Opening lines

כִּי מְשַׁוּוּ בֵּית דִּין שָׁלִיחַ;

When the court appoints an agent,

בְּפָנָיו, אוֹ שֶׁלֹּא בְּפָנָיו?

must it be in his presence, or may it be not in his presence?

הֲדַר פַּשְׁטַהּ:

He then resolved it:

בֵּין בְּפָנָיו בֵּין שֶׁלֹּא בְּפָנָיו.

Either in his presence or not in his presence.

The steps (30)

  1. QuestionMust the first agent be present when the court appoints a new one?
  2. ResponseEither way works
  3. ProofA message from ארץ ישראל confirms the ruling
  4. StatementThe husband stuck across the river
  5. Conclusionשמואל: that does not count as coming
  6. StatementThe husband who tried to make peace
  7. Statementרב יוסף: he did not try hard enough, so the גט works
  8. StatementOther version: he tried, so the גט does not work
  9. ConclusionThe two versions of רב יוסף depend on whether אונס counts in גיטין
  10. StatementLending to a כהן, לוי, or עני and repaying with their gifts
  11. StatementIf the borrowers died: permission from the heirs
  12. ChallengeHow can gifts they never received pay off their loan?
  13. Resolutionרב: the case is about the regular associates of a כהן or לוי
  14. Resolutionשמואל: someone else acquired the gifts for them
  15. Resolutionעולא: the משנה follows רבי יוסי
  16. RejectionWhy each אמורא does not accept the other answers
  17. Statementברייתא: the lender may separate gifts while the borrowers are presumed alive
  18. Statementברייתא continues: cheaper rate, no ריבית, not canceled by שביעית
  19. StatementThe lender cannot back out, and a loan he gave up on cannot be used
  20. ChallengeIsn't the cheap-price rule obvious?
  21. ResolutionThe cheap price applies even without saying so
  22. QuestionWhy is this not ריבית?
  23. ResponseNot a real loan, so not ריבית
  24. ResponseWhy שביעית does not cancel this loan
  25. StatementOnly the homeowner is locked into the deal
  26. ProofProof: money without pulling lets the seller back out
  27. ChallengeWhy say he cannot separate on a lost loan?
  28. ResolutionNeeded for crops that sprouted dry stalks
  29. StatementWhen the borrower dies, keep separating for the group
  30. QuestionWhat is the difference between them?