Gittin 81b

גיטין פ״א ע״ב

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Topic

Second גט for a divorced couple found together, and the laws of a גט קרח (a tied גט missing signatures)

Overview

The amud opens by finishing רבי יוחנן's view about a divorced couple who spent the night together. בית שמאי and בית הלל argue only if they were seen having relations, and the question is whether he meant them as זנות or as new קידושין. The גמרא challenges this from the משנה's case of a woman divorced from אירוסין. It concludes that the משנה argues even when no one saw relations, and that רבי יוחנן follows the ברייתא of רבי שמעון בן אלעזר. In the משנה, the argument is whether witnesses who saw the couple alone (עדי יחוד) count as witnesses to relations. When רבי יוחנן's two rulings seem to clash, the גמרא answers that different אמוראים reported his view differently. A new משנה then teaches that a woman who remarried with a גט קרח, a tied גט with more ties than signatures, must leave both husbands. The גמרא explains why such a גט is invalid and why רבי עקיבא lets a relative fill in a signature but not an עבד or a גזלן. It then discusses the case of three ties and two witnesses, the different versions of the ברייתא, and רבי יוחנן's rule that only one relative may fill in. רב אשי begins a proof for that rule, which continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (32)

1. StatementWhy בית שמאי and בית הלל argue when the couple was seen
2. ChallengeChallenge from the משנה's case of divorce after engagement
3. ResolutionThe משנה is about when no one saw them; רבי יוחנן follows another תנא
4. ProofThe ברייתא of רבי שמעון בן אלעזר
5. ProofThe ברייתא says the argument is only where relations were seen
6. QuestionWhat is the argument in the משנה about?
7. ResponseThe משנה is about witnesses to seclusion only
8. ConclusionWhy בית הלל agree about a woman divorced from אירוסין
9. ChallengeDoes רבי יוחנן contradict his own rule?
10. Resolutionאמוראים disagree about רבי יוחנן's view
11. StatementNew משנה: a woman remarried with a גט קרח
12. StatementWho may sign to complete a גט קרח
13. StatementDefinition of a גט קרח
14. QuestionWhy is a bare tied divorce document invalid?
15. ResponseA decree because the husband may have said 'all of you'
16. StatementQuoting the משנה: anyone can fill in the signatures
17. QuestionWhy does רבי עקיבא exclude a slave?
18. ResponsePeople might think the slave is a valid witness
19. ChallengeThe same worry applies to a relative
20. ResolutionThe real worry: raising the slave's lineage
21. ChallengeA robber has fine lineage, so why can't he sign?
22. ResolutionPeople might think the slave was freed or the robber repented
23. StatementThe dispute applies only when there are extra ties
24. ChallengeThree witnesses on a tied גט are like two on a plain one
25. ResolutionThe third witness on a tied גט is only required by the חכמים
26. ProofA ברייתא lists the cases where בן ננס and רבי עקיבא argue
27. ProofWith three ties and two witnesses, everyone agrees only a קרוב may complete it
28. Statementרב יוסף's version: only a valid witness may complete it
29. ChallengeBut the ברייתא says a קרוב
30. Resolutionרב פפא corrects the ברייתא to read 'valid'
31. StatementOnly one relative may help complete a tied גט
32. Proofרב אשי begins to show the ברייתא supports רבי יוחנן