Gemara Clarity

Gittin 85a

גיטין פ״ה ע״א

Learn Gittin 85a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Gittin 85a in Gemara Clarity

Topic

Conditions and exclusions in a גט: when a written condition or an excluded man makes the divorce invalid

Overview

The amud opens by finishing אביי's view. רבי and the רבנן argue about a condition written in a גט only when it comes before the תורף; after the תורף, everyone says the גט is כשר. רבא flips this: they argue only after the תורף, where רבי makes a גזירה, and before it everyone says פסול. The גמרא fits our משנה to each view. Next, רבי זירא changes a ברייתא that said 'everyone agrees it is פסול' to read 'everyone agrees it is כשר.' The גמרא explains that a reciter can swap כשר and פסול, but would not invent 'דברי הכל.' A new משנה then teaches that a husband may exclude men with whom קידושין cannot take effect, but excluding men with whom it can take effect, even through a forbidden marriage, makes the גט פסול. רבא asks רב נחמן a long series of questions about borderline exclusions. רב נחמן proves that excluding a minor boy ruins the גט. The proofs for the other questions are rejected, and the whole series ends with תיקו. Finally, a new משנה gives the core wording of a גט: 'You are hereby permitted to any man.'

Opening lines

דִּבְרֵי הַכֹּל כָּשֵׁר.

Everyone agrees that it is valid.

וּמַתְנִיתִין, דְּקָתָנֵי ״כְּתָבוֹ״

And our mishnah, which teaches 'he wrote it' (is invalid),

וְאוֹקִימְנָא בְּ״חוּץ״;

and we established it as dealing with 'except';

אֲבָל ״עַל מְנָת״ לָא פָּסֵיל –

but 'on condition' does not invalidate:

The steps (32)

  1. StatementAfter the essential wording, everyone agrees the גט is valid
  2. ResolutionFitting the משנה into אביי's view in two ways
  3. Statementרבא: the dispute is after the essential wording, because of a protective decree
  4. ResolutionFitting the משנה into רבא's view
  5. StatementA ברייתא: everyone agrees a conditional גט is invalid
  6. Challengeרבי זירא objects: but they argue about this
  7. Resolutionרבי זירא fixes the wording: everyone agrees it is valid
  8. ChallengeWhy not fix it to say invalid, following רבי?
  9. ResolutionValid and invalid get mixed up, but 'everyone agrees' does not get mixed up
  10. StatementExcluding men she could never marry anyway: the divorce is valid
  11. StatementExcluding men she could marry, even through a forbidden marriage: the divorce is invalid
  12. StatementWhat the two general phrases in the משנה add
  13. QuestionExcluding a minor boy: does it count?
  14. Proofרב נחמן cites the minor girl divorced from her father's קידושין
  15. ChallengeWhy can she get a גט if she cannot accept קידושין?
  16. ConclusionSomeone who will become able counts as able now
  17. QuestionWhat if he excludes men who are not born yet?
  18. ProofA proof attempt from the slave and the gentile in the משנה
  19. RejectionRejected: converting is not expected, but being born is
  20. QuestionWhat if he excludes her sister's husband?
  21. ProofProof from the slave and the gentile for the sister's husband
  22. RejectionConversion is rare, but death is common
  23. QuestionHolding back only relations outside marriage
  24. ProofProof from 'my father and your father'
  25. RejectionMaybe it is about a forbidden marriage
  26. QuestionExcept for intercourse in an atypical manner
  27. QuestionExcept for canceling your vows
  28. QuestionExcept for eating תרומה
  29. QuestionExcept for inheriting from you
  30. QuestionA divorce that excludes betrothal by document
  31. ConclusionThe questions stay unresolved
  32. StatementThe core wording of a divorce document