Gemara Clarity

Gittin 86a

גיטין פ״ו ע״א

Learn Gittin 86a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Gittin 86a in Gemara Clarity

Topic

The wording of a גט and of slave documents, and a new משנה about three flawed גיטין where the child is still כשר, with the גמרא explaining why other flawed גיטין are left off the list.

Overview

The amud opens by finishing why רבא added 'from today and forever' to a גט: to rule out a divorce for just one day. It then gives the wording for freeing a slave, and רב יהודה's standard wording for selling a slave, which guarantees the slave against boils. On the side, אביי gives a recipe to cure boils. A new משנה then lists three flawed גיטין: one in the husband's handwriting with no witnesses, one with no date, and one with only one witness. If the woman remarried using one of them, the child is still כשר, and רבי אליעזר holds that a גט handed over before witnesses is fully valid. The גמרא asks why other flawed גיטין are not on the list: a גט ישן, a גט קרח, and a גט dated by the wrong kingdom. For each one, it shows that the case is milder or stricter than the three, or falls outside the משנה's topic. Next, the גמרא explains what each of the משנה's two counts of 'three' comes to exclude. Finally, it begins working out which clause רב's comment 'his handwriting' refers to, and settles on the last clause.

Opening lines

לְאַפּוֹקֵי מִדִּבְעָא מִינֵּיהּ

to exclude that which was asked

רָבָא מֵרַב נַחְמָן – דְּאָמַר:

by Rava of Rav Nachman, where he said:

״הַיּוֹם אִי אַתְּ אִשְׁתִּי

"Today you are not my wife

וּלְמָחָר אַתְּ אִשְׁתִּי״.

and tomorrow you are my wife."

The steps (33)

  1. StatementWhy the גט says 'from today and forever'
  2. StatementThe משנה's wording for freeing a slave
  3. Statementרב יהודה's standard wording for selling a slave
  4. QuestionWhat cures boils?
  5. Responseאביי's recipe for treating boils
  6. StatementNew משנה: three invalid גיטין where the child is still כשר
  7. StatementThe three invalid גיטין are listed
  8. Statementרבי אליעזר: a גט given in front of witnesses is valid
  9. ChallengeWhy is a גט ישן not on the list?
  10. ResolutionIn a גט ישן she does not have to leave
  11. ChallengeWhat about the view that she need not leave here either?
  12. ResolutionA גט ישן allows marriage from the start; the three cases only after the fact
  13. ChallengeWhat about a גט קרח?
  14. ResolutionWith a גט קרח the child is a ממזר
  15. ChallengeThat answer only fits רבי מאיר; what about the רבנן?
  16. ResolutionWith a גט קרח she must leave; in the three cases she need not
  17. ChallengeThe answer about the folded גט fails for the view that she must leave
  18. ResolutionThe משנה is not talking about a folded גט
  19. ChallengeWhat about a גט dated by the wrong kingdom?
  20. ResolutionWith the wrong date she must leave; here she need not
  21. ChallengeThe same problem again for the view that she must leave
  22. ResolutionThere the child is a ממזר; here the child is כשר
  23. ChallengeThat only works for רבי מאיר
  24. ResolutionThe view that she must leave follows רבי מאיר
  25. QuestionWhat does each count of 'three' come to exclude?
  26. ResponseThe first count leaves out the cases already discussed
  27. ResponseThe second count leaves out a גט brought from overseas without the required statement
  28. StatementThe חכמים say the child is not a ממזר and the problem can be fixed
  29. Statementרב: the משנה is talking about the husband's own handwriting
  30. QuestionWhich clause is רב talking about?
  31. RejectionNot the first clause, since that is obvious
  32. RejectionNot the middle clause, since that גט has witnesses
  33. Responseרב means the last clause: a dated גט with one witness