Horayos 11b

הוריות י״א ע״ב

Horayot 11b

Learn Horayos 11b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Horayos 11b in Gemara Clarity

Topic

Who counts as the נשיא; the anointed כהן גדול; the שמן המשחה and when kings and כהנים גדולים are anointed

Overview

The amud opens by finishing a גזירה שוה: the נשיא who brings a שעיר is a ruler with only ה׳ above him, just like a king. רבי asks רבי חייא whether he himself qualifies. רבי חייא says no, because the ראש גולה in בבל has authority over ארץ ישראל. In רב ספרא's version, the reason is that the ראש גולה holds the 'שבט' of real power, while הלל's descendants hold only the 'מחוקק' of teaching Torah. A new משנה then defines the כהן משיח as the one anointed with שמן המשחה. It also lists how he differs from a מרובה בגדים, and how a serving כהן גדול differs from a former one. The גמרא brings ברייתות about how the שמן המשחה was made and the miracles of its twelve לוגין. It then explains why a כהן גדול's son must be anointed but a king's son is anointed only when there is a dispute, and why only kings of בית דוד are anointed. Finally, it clears up the order and names of יאשיהו's sons, ending with why צדקיהו was also called שלום and how he got the name צדקיהו.

Opening lines

The steps (46)

1. ConclusionThe נשיא is one with only ה׳ above him
2. Questionרבי asks if he would bring a שעיר
3. ResponseYour rival is in בבל
4. ChallengeTwo sets of kings both brought a שעיר
5. ResolutionHere we are under their authority
6. Questionרב ספרא's version: the same question
7. ResponseThere a scepter, here a staff
8. ProofA ברייתא explains scepter and staff
9. StatementNew משנה: who is the anointed כהן?
10. StatementThe only difference: the פר for all the מצוות
11. StatementThe two differences between a serving and a former כהן גדול
12. StatementWhat the serving and former כהן גדול share
13. Statementרבי יהודה: the roots were boiled in the oil
14. Challengeרבי יוסי: there was too little oil, so water was used
15. Resolutionרבי יהודה: this oil was full of miracles anyway
16. StatementThe many miracles of the anointing oil
17. StatementWho needs anointing: a high priest's son yes, a king's son no
18. ChallengeBut שלמה, a king's son, was anointed
19. ResolutionAnointing was needed because of a rival claim
20. StatementThe same oil will last into the future
21. QuestionSource that a high priest's son needs anointing
22. ResponseThe extra word 'anointed' in the verse
23. QuestionSource that a king's son is not anointed
24. ResponseThe kingdom is an inheritance
25. QuestionSource that a dispute requires anointing
26. Response'He and his sons' only in peaceful times
27. StatementEven יהוא was anointed only because of the dispute with יורם
28. Challengeיהוא was first in his line, so why mention a dispute?
29. ResolutionKings of דוד's house are anointed; kings of ישראל are not
30. QuestionWhere do we learn this?
31. Responseרבא: "this one" needs anointing, no other
32. ChallengeWould we waste the holy oil just because of יורם?
33. Resolutionיהוא was anointed with pure balsam, not the holy oil
34. Statementיהואחז was anointed because of יהויקים, his older brother
35. ChallengeBut the פסוק calls יהואחז the firstborn!
36. Resolution"Firstborn" means first to reign
37. ChallengeCan a younger son reign before an older one?
38. Resolutionיהורם was fit to fill his fathers' place; יהויקים was not
39. StatementQuoting רבי יוחנן about the names of יאשיהו's sons
40. ChallengeThe פסוק counts צדקיהו and שלום separately
41. ResolutionThird among the sons, fourth among the kings
42. StatementWhy צדקיהו was called שלום: he was complete in his deeds
43. StatementAnother reason for the name שלום: the kingdom of דוד ended in his days
44. QuestionWhat was his real name?
45. ResponseHis real name was מתניה
46. StatementWhy נבוכדנצר named him צדקיהו