Kereisos 12b

כריתות י״ב ע״ב

Keritot 12b

Learn Kereisos 12b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

Believing a person who denies the עדים, how lapses of awareness, dishes and half-measures combine into a חטאת, and the time limit for one act of eating

Overview

The amud opens by asking why a person who denies being טמא is treated differently from someone who denies eating חלב or entering the מקדש. רבינא explains that 'I never became impure' cannot be reread as 'I already immersed.' רב נחמן rules like רבי יהודה that a person is believed about himself, and רב יוסף limits this to how he treats himself. Then ריש לקיש, רב ששת and אביי each give a case where even רבי מאיר agrees the denier is believed, because he could have made another claim that would exempt him anyway. The גמרא then returns to the משנה. אביי teaches that separate lapses of awareness (העלמות) mean separate חטאות. ריש לקיש explains the half-כזית cases through רבי יהושע's rule that separate dishes divide the eating, in two versions with opposite results. רבינא explains the first line through רבן גמליאל's view that awareness does not split a half-measure. Finally, a new משנה sets the time limit for eating, כדי אכילת פרס. The גמרא asks whether רבי מאיר's 'קליות' measure is meant to be strict or lenient, and it begins a proof from the wording of the חכמים that continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (32)

1. ChallengeIf it is old impurity, why can't he explain his denial too?
2. Resolutionרבינא: the witnesses said he ate קדשים while impure
3. ResolutionWhy 'I immersed and ate' doesn't save his statement
4. Conclusionרב נחמן rules like רבי יהודה
5. Statementרב יוסף: only for himself
6. Statementריש לקיש: רבי מאיר agrees in the case of the designated maidservant
7. Statementרב ששת: רבי מאיר agrees in the case of the impure nazirite
8. Statementאביי: רבי מאיר agrees in the case of knowing testimony
9. StatementBack to the משנה: eating forbidden fat twice in one lapse
10. Challengeרבי זירא asks why only one sin offering
11. Resolutionאביי: Only separate lapses of awareness create two offerings
12. ChallengeSecond version: Why should two lapses matter if it is all one kind of fat?
13. Resolutionאביי: Separate lapses do split the offerings
14. StatementQuoting the next line of the משנה: חלב, דם, פיגול and נותר
15. ChallengeIsn't it obvious that two halves of one kind add up?
16. Resolutionריש לקיש: He ate from two separate dishes
17. ResolutionWhy the משנה needed to say he is liable
18. ChallengeAnother version: the question was on the סיפא
19. ResolutionOne kind eaten from two dishes
20. ResolutionThe new lesson: the rule works for leniency too
21. QuestionWhat does 'two kinds' mean?
22. ResponseTwo dishes are called 'two kinds'
23. ChallengeThe First Line Now Seems Obvious
24. ResolutionHe Became Aware in Between, Following רבן גמליאל
25. ProofThe Source: Writing Two Letters on שבת
26. StatementThe Reason Behind the Dispute
27. StatementNew משנה: how long can the eating take
28. StatementThe half-loaf time applied to impure food and to wine in the Temple
29. QuestionIs רבי מאיר being stricter or more lenient?
30. QuestionFirst possibility: רבי מאיר is being strict
31. QuestionSecond possibility: רבי מאיר is being lenient
32. ProofLooking at the exact wording of the חכמים