Kereisos 22b

כריתות כ״ב ע״ב

Keritot 22b

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Topic

אשם תלוי for a doubt of מעילה: the sources of רבי עקיבא and the חכמים, the two-שקלים minimum for every אשם, רבי טרפון's conditional אשם, and the new משנה on doubtful offerings.

Overview

The גמרא opens with a ברייתא: רבי עקיבא learns from the ו of ״ואם נפש״ that a person unsure whether he committed מעילה brings an אשם תלוי, and the חכמים exempt him. רב פפא shows that everyone learns an earlier passage from a later one. The חכמים instead rely on a גזירה שוה of ״מצות״ from חטאת, which limits אשם תלוי to sins carrying כרת, and מעילה has no כרת. The גמרא then works through who holds 'no גזירה שוה for half' and 'no היקש for half', and concludes that everyone agrees to both rules. רבי עקיבא learns from ״זאת תורת האשם״ that every אשם must be worth two silver שקלים. The חכמים still need the ו to apply that rule to the אשם תלוי. For a view that does not expound ״זאת תורת האשם״, the גמרא supplies the גזירות שוות ״בערכך״ and ״איל״. Next, רבא explains רבי טרפון's conditional אשם in the משנה, and teaches that an אשם ודאי does not need knowledge of the sin in advance. A new משנה follows: a doubtful bird חטאת that becomes definite, and the case of eating one of two pieces of meat, one חולין and one הקדש. רבי יוסי's opinion on that case continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (31)

1. StatementA ברייתא: does a doubtful case of misuse of holy property bring an אשם תלוי?
2. QuestionSuggestion: do they argue about learning an earlier passage from a later one?
3. Rejectionרב פפא: everyone agrees we learn earlier from later
4. ResolutionThe real reason of the חכמים: a גזירה שוה from חטאת
5. ResolutionWhat the 'מצות' comparison teaches the חכמים
6. Proofמעילה is left out because it has no כרת
7. ResolutionHow רבי עקיבא uses the same comparison
8. ResolutionThe חכמים hold a גזירה שוה cannot work for half
9. ChallengeWould רבי עקיבא then hold there is a גזירה שוה for half?
10. ResolutionA new reason for רבי עקיבא: the ו in 'ואם נפש'
11. ResolutionThe חכמים: the link teaches the later passage from the earlier one
12. Resolutionרבי עקיבא: a היקש cannot work for half
13. ChallengeWould the חכמים then hold a היקש can work for half?
14. ResolutionEveryone agrees there is no היקש for half; a separate source removes מעילה
15. Resolutionרבי עקיבא's source for the two-שקלים rule
16. ResolutionWhy the חכמים still need ״ואם נפש״
17. Resolution״זאת תורת האשם״ alone would cover only definite אשמות
18. ResolutionWithout the ו, an אשם תלוי might be as cheap as a חטאת
19. ChallengeFor one who does not expound ״זאת תורת האשם״, where does the two-שקלים rule come from?
20. ResolutionA גזירה שוה from ״בערכך״
21. ChallengeThe אשם of שפחה חרופה does not say ״בערכך״
22. ResolutionA גזירה שוה from ״איל״
23. StatementQuoting the משנה: רבי עקיבא concedes
24. QuestionWhat is רבי טרפון saying?
25. Responseרבא rereads the condition as 'if the doubt lasts forever'
26. ChallengeOnce he finds out, shouldn't he need a new אשם ודאי?
27. ResolutionAn אשם ודאי does not need knowledge in advance
28. Statementמשנה: a doubtful bird חטאת that becomes definite
29. StatementOne person ate one of two pieces, then the second
30. StatementTwo people each ate one piece: רבי עקיבא's view
31. Statementרבי שמעון: both bring one offering together, and רבי יוסי begins