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Kereisos 23a

כריתות כ״ג ע״א

Keritot 23a

Learn Kereisos 23a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

Doubtful eating of חלב mixed with other pieces, sharing offerings, the פרוטה value of נותר, and איסור חל על איסור in קדשים

Overview

The משנה lays out cases of two pieces where one is definitely חלב and the other is ordinary meat (חולין), sacrificial meat (קודש), sacrificial חלב, or חלב that is also נותר. For each pair it rules on one person who ate one piece without knowing which, or ate both. It also rules on two people who each ate one piece. רבי עקיבא gives each person an אשם תלוי, רבי שמעון lets the two share one offering for the doubt, and רבי יוסי says two people cannot share an offering. The גמרא begins with רבא asking רב נחמן what רבי יוסי adds. The answer is that the anonymous תנא קמא is רבי יוסי himself. Next רבא asks why eating נותר does not also bring an אשם ודאי for מעילה. רב נחמן answers that the piece is worth less than a פרוטה, because it is small or because it spoiled in the summer heat. Finally רבא asks how רבי שמעון lets the איסור of נותר take effect on a piece that is already forbidden. After rejecting a few answers, the גמרא concludes that for קדשים the תורה revealed that one איסור can take effect on another.

Opening lines

אֵין שְׁנַיִם מְבִיאִין אָשָׁם אֶחָד.

Two people do not bring one guilt offering.

חֲתִיכַת חֵלֶב וַחֲתִיכַת חוּלִּין,

A piece of forbidden fat and a piece of ordinary meat,

אָכַל אַחַת מֵהֶן

he ate one of them

וְאֵינוֹ יוֹדֵעַ אֵיזֶה מֵהֶן אָכַל –

and does not know which of them he ate –

The steps (27)

  1. StatementTwo people cannot share one guilt offering
  2. StatementForbidden fat and plain meat: one person eats one or both
  3. StatementTwo people each eat one piece: each brings a provisional offering
  4. Statementרבי שמעון and רבי יוסי on sharing one sin offering
  5. StatementForbidden fat and sacrificial meat: one person eats one or both
  6. StatementTwo people eat the fat and the sacrificial meat
  7. StatementForbidden fat and sacrificial forbidden fat
  8. StatementTwo people each ate one piece of plain fat and sacrificial fat
  9. StatementOne person ate from plain fat and fat that is also leftover sacrificial meat
  10. StatementTwo people each ate one piece of plain fat and leftover fat
  11. Challengeרבא asks whether רבי יוסי says anything new
  12. ChallengeBlocking a possible answer about one piece out of two
  13. ResolutionThe anonymous opinion belongs to רבי יוסי
  14. ChallengeWhy no אשם ודאי for the נותר piece?
  15. ResolutionThe נותר piece is worth less than a פרוטה
  16. ChallengeThe משנה's first case is worth a פרוטה
  17. ResolutionOnly the non-נותר piece is worth a פרוטה
  18. ChallengeThe משנה of one eating that is five sins
  19. ResolutionBig piece versus small piece
  20. ResolutionRainy season versus summer
  21. StatementQuoting the next case in the משנה
  22. ChallengeDoes רבי שמעון hold that one איסור can fall on another?
  23. ResolutionThe case is a kidney with its fat
  24. ChallengeBut the kidney is already forbidden as an altar part
  25. ResolutionMaybe a severe איסור can take effect on a light one
  26. RejectionRejected from נבלה on יום הכיפורים
  27. Resolutionקדשים are a special case