Kereisos 23b

כריתות כ״ג ע״ב

Keritot 23b

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Topic

איסור חל על איסור in קדשים, and an אשם תלוי when the owner learns he never sinned

Overview

The amud opens by proving that with קדשים, one איסור can take effect on top of another. A ברייתא includes the אימורין in the איסור of eating קדשים while טמא, even though they are already forbidden as עולין and as חלב. רבי goes further: with קדשים, even a lighter איסור like מעילה (punished by מיתה) takes effect on a stricter one like חלב (punished by כרת). A ברייתא in which רבי שמעון says there is no פיגול or נותר in the עולין seems to contradict this. The גמרא answers that there are two traditions about רבי שמעון's view. The view that denies stacking explains כל חלב לה׳ as speaking of ולדי קדשים, where both איסורים begin at the same moment. Then the chapter ends, and a new משנה discusses an אשם תלוי whose owner learns he never sinned. That משנה compares it to an אשם ודאי, a שור הנסקל and an עגלה ערופה. The גמרא explains that רבי מאיר and חכמים argue about whether the owner truly meant to make the animal holy. A ברייתא shows how far each side's view reaches. רב ששת then begins to describe a case where רבי מאיר agrees with חכמים, and that teaching continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (24)

1. ProofA ברייתא includes the altar portions in the טומאה prohibition
2. ProofExplaining the proof: טומאה takes effect on top of two existing prohibitions
3. Proofרבי lets even a lighter prohibition take effect with קדשים
4. ProofThe case: מעילה takes effect on top of the כרת of קדשים
5. ProofThe ברייתא: all the fat is for ה׳, so the אימורין get מעילה
6. ConclusionLighter מעילה takes effect on stricter חלב, so קדשים are different
7. Challengeרבי שמעון says there is no פיגול or נותר in the altar parts
8. Resolutionתנאים argue about what רבי שמעון holds
9. ChallengeWhat does the other view do with the verse about all the fat?
10. ResolutionThe verse is about offspring of sacrificial animals, where both prohibitions start together
11. Conclusionהדרן: closing פרק דם שחיטה
12. StatementAn אשם תלוי when the owner learns he never sinned
13. Statementחכמים: let it graze until blemished, then sell it
14. Statementרבי אליעזר: it is still offered
15. StatementFinding out after slaughter or after the blood is sprinkled
16. StatementAn אשם ודאי works differently
17. StatementA שור הנסקל, an ox sentenced to stoning
18. StatementThe עגלה ערופה is also different
19. QuestionWhat is the root of the argument?
20. ResponseDid he really mean to make it holy?
21. StatementThey argue in both cases
22. StatementHow far רבי מאיר goes
23. StatementHow far חכמים go
24. Statementרב ששת: רבי מאיר agrees with חכמים