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Kereisos 25b

כריתות כ״ה ע״ב

Keritot 25b

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Topic

When an אשם תלוי is brought, how complete its כפרה is, and what יום הכפורים does and does not atone for

Overview

The amud opens with a ברייתא that allows an אשם תלוי for a doubt about eating נבלה. רבא objects that the חכמים allow it only for sins with כרת and a חטאת, and that רבי אליעזר goes even further by allowing it as a gift. רבי חייא answers, in the name of רבה, that the ברייתא follows the sages who answered בבא בן בוטא: any real doubt is enough. רבא then gives the verse behind each view. Next, a ברייתא says an אשם תלוי does not give a 'complete' כפרה. רב יוסף explains that a חטאת is still owed if the sin becomes known. רבינא explains instead that יום הכפורים can replace the אשם תלוי but not the definite offerings, citing a משנה. The גמרא then looks for the source that יום הכפורים does not cancel a definite חטאת or אשם. רב דימי, אביי and ריש לקיש compare חטאים to פשעים, and after challenges אביי grounds the comparison in the extra word 'כל'. רבי אלעזר shows from 'before ה׳' that יום הכפורים covers a doubtful sin. Finally, רבא begins a new statement about the משנה's first clause, which continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

אָשָׁם תָּלוּי בָּא עַל הַנְּבֵלָה.

A provisional guilt offering comes for the carcass.

אֲמַר לֵיהּ: וְהָאֲנַן תְּנַן,

He said to him: But didn't we learn,

וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: אֵינוֹ מֵבִיא אָשָׁם תָּלוּי

And the Sages say: He does not bring a provisional guilt offering

אֶלָּא עַל דָּבָר שֶׁזְּדוֹנוֹ כָּרֵת

except for a matter whose deliberate violation is כרת

The steps (27)

  1. StatementA provisional guilt offering for doubtful נבלה
  2. ChallengeThe חכמים limit it to sins with כרת and חטאת
  3. Challengeרבי אליעזר does not fit either
  4. ResolutionIt follows the sages who answered בבא בן בוטא
  5. StatementThe verse behind 'those who spoke to him'
  6. StatementThe חכמים learn from the word מצות
  7. StatementFinishing the word-link: the אשם תלוי comes only for a כרת-level sin
  8. StatementA ברייתא: five אשמות atone, but the אשם תלוי's atonement is not complete
  9. QuestionWhat is the ברייתא saying?
  10. Responseרב יוסף: the five atone completely, the אשם תלוי only for now
  11. Statementרב יוסף's reading does not fit רבי אליעזר
  12. Responseרבינא: something else can replace the אשם תלוי, but not the five
  13. ProofSupport from the משנה: יום הכפורים frees one from the אשם תלוי only
  14. QuestionWhat is the source that יום הכפורים does not cancel a חטאת or definite אשם?
  15. Responseרב דימי's source: sins are compared to deliberate sins
  16. Challengeאביי: that פסוק is about the inside goat only
  17. Responseאביי's source: the same comparison in the פסוק about the שעיר המשתלח
  18. ChallengeMaybe the deliberate sins in the verse do bring an offering
  19. Proofריש לקיש learns the same rule from the same verse
  20. Challengeאביי recalls the same challenge against this reading
  21. ResolutionMost deliberate sins have no offering
  22. RejectionThe verse does not say most
  23. ResolutionA new start from the beginning of the verse
  24. ResolutionThe extra word 'all' compares sins to transgressions
  25. QuestionSource for exempting provisional guilt offerings after יום הכפורים
  26. Responseיום הכפורים atones for a sin only ה׳ knows about
  27. Statementרבא begins a statement about the משנה's first clause