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Kereisos 27b

כריתות כ״ז ע״ב

Keritot 27b

Learn Kereisos 27b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

A חטאת must belong to its owner and match its exact sin, yet in the קרבן עולה ויורד set-aside money may move between levels as the owner's wealth changes.

Overview

The amud has two משניות. The first teaches that a חטאת is tied to its owner and to its exact sin. If the owner dies, his son may not bring it. The owner himself may not move it to another sin, even from one eating of חלב to another. A long ברייתא learns this step by step from 'קרבנו' (his own offering) and 'על חטאתו' (for that very sin): no father's animal, no father's money, no switching one's own animal, and no switching one's own money. רב שמואל בר שימי explains why money needed its own teaching: switched money can lose its holiness through מעילה, so one might think switching is allowed from the start. The second משנה teaches that in the קרבן עולה ויורד, set-aside money follows the owner's wealth, going down from lamb to bird to עשירית האיפה, or back up. The גמרא shows that the phrases ״מחטאתו״ and ״על חטאתו״ are each needed, because flour is not a blood offering. The amud ends as רבי אלעזר begins a case of a rich מטמא מקדש who set aside birds, which continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

מַתְנִי׳

MISHNA:

הַמַּפְרִישׁ חַטָּאתוֹ וָמֵת –

One who designates his sin offering and dies –

לֹא יְבִיאֶנּוּ בְּנוֹ תַּחְתָּיו.

his son may not bring it in his place.

לֹא יְבִיאֶנּוּ מֵחֵטְא אֶל חֵטְא.

One may not bring it from one sin to another sin.

The steps (34)

  1. StatementThe משנה: a designated sin offering cannot be transferred
  2. QuestionWhere does the son rule come from?
  3. ResponseThe word 'his offering' excludes the father's offering
  4. QuestionMaybe the rule applies only when the two sins differ in severity
  5. ResponseA second 'his offering' rules out even equal sins
  6. QuestionA new 'you might think' compares the case to a נזיר
  7. QuestionPerhaps the son can use his father's money
  8. Responseקרבנו rules out even the father's money
  9. QuestionPerhaps his own animal can be switched between sins
  10. ResponseThe offering must be for its own sin
  11. QuestionPerhaps his own money can be switched freely
  12. QuestionWhy money might be switchable between sins
  13. ResponseThe פסוק requires the offering to be for its own specific sin
  14. QuestionWhat does ׳not misused and not atoned׳ mean?
  15. ResponseAn animal can never be misused, so it can never be switched
  16. ResponseWhy the ברייתא needed to teach the rule about money
  17. StatementNew משנה: buying a different kind of offering with consecrated money
  18. StatementThe משנה's example: becoming poorer or richer
  19. QuestionWhat is the source?
  20. ResponseThree extra phrases in the פסוקים
  21. ResponseThe phrases allow switching between levels
  22. ResponseThe ברייתא's example, matching the משנה
  23. StatementA blemished lamb can become a bird, but a blemished bird cannot become flour
  24. ConclusionThe verses behind the rules
  25. StatementBoth mentions of the phrase were needed
  26. ResponseWhat we would learn from the lamb alone
  27. ResponseWithout the bird verse, bird money could not go to flour
  28. ConclusionThe second verse allows bird money to buy flour
  29. StatementWhat ״על חטאתו״ by the flour offering teaches
  30. QuestionWhy write ״על חטאתו״ by the flour?
  31. ResponseIf written only by the bird, we would limit it to blood offerings
  32. ResponseWithout the flour verse, flour money could not be upgraded
  33. ConclusionThat is why both verses are written
  34. StatementA rich person who defiled the מקדש and set aside birds