Kereisos 28a

כריתות כ״ח ע״א

Keritot 28a

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Topic

Rejected offerings (דחוי), רב חסדא's rule on when bird pairs get their roles, rich and poor offerings, and the משנה on the order of names in the תורה

Overview

The amud opens at the end of a ruling: birds that a wealthy man set aside in place of his lamb stay rejected even after he becomes poor. רב הונא בריה דרב יהושע learns three rules from this, and רבי שמעון's view about the offspring of a female set aside for a פסח seems to challenge them. The answer is that the rules follow the רבנן, while רבי שמעון holds that live animals are not rejected and that the יום כיפור lottery is not essential. Next, רב חסדא rules that a bird pair gets its roles only when the owner buys it or when the כהן offers it. Two ברייתות are brought against him, one about the יום כיפור goats and one about a poor מטמא מקדש who became rich, and both are reread so that they fit his rule. This leads to a debate about whether a rich person fulfills his duty with a poor person's קרבן. The גמרא concludes that only a rich מצורע fails, because of the words זאת and הוא in the פסוקים. A new משנה then teaches that the order of names in the תורה does not rank lambs and goats, two kinds of birds, or father and mother. In practice, though, the father comes before the mother and a son's main רב comes before the father. The גמרא begins a ברייתא about four cries of the Temple courtyard, which continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (35)

1. StatementSince it was rejected, it stays rejected
2. StatementThree rules learned from the birds case
3. ChallengeChallenge from a female set aside for a קרבן פסח
4. Challengeרבי שמעון says the offspring itself is offered
5. ResolutionThe rule follows the Rabbis; רבי שמעון disagrees
6. ProofProof from the Yom Kippur goats
7. Conclusionרבי שמעון's two views are confirmed
8. Statementרב חסדא: when a pair of birds gets assigned
9. ProofThe source for רב חסדא's rule
10. ChallengeChallenge: only the lottery makes the goat a sin offering
11. ChallengeThe ברייתא's קל וחומר that the verse comes to block
12. ProofThe ברייתא ends with the פסוק: only the lottery makes the goat a חטאת
13. ChallengeThe ברייתא treats naming like the lottery, which is not tied to buying or offering
14. Resolutionרב rereads the ברייתא's קל וחומר
15. ConclusionUnder רב's reading, the פסוק still says only the lottery counts
16. ChallengeA ברייתא about a poor man who became rich
17. ChallengeWhy the ברייתא goes against רב חסדא
18. Rejectionרב ששת questions the ברייתא's wording
19. ResolutionThe money was named back when he was still poor
20. ChallengeHow would רבי חגא explain the ברייתא?
21. ResolutionRead the ברייתא as naming at the time of buying
22. ChallengeA ברייתא about a מצורע seems to refute רבי חגא
23. ResolutionThe מצורע is a special case because of the word ״זֹאת״
24. ChallengeThen even a poor מצורע with a rich offering should fail
25. ResolutionThe word תורת brings the poor מצורע back in
26. ProofA ברייתא spells out both words
27. ChallengeLearn the rule for all offerings from the מצורע
28. ResolutionThe word הוא keeps the rule for the מצורע only
29. StatementLambs and goats are equal
30. Statementתורין and בני יונה are equal
31. StatementFather and mother are equal in the פסוקים
32. StatementIn practice, the father's honor comes first
33. StatementA son's main teacher comes before his father
34. StatementThe first of the courtyard's four cries
35. StatementThe second cry, about יוחנן בן נדבאי