Kereisos 2b

כריתות ב׳ ע״ב

Keritot 2b

Learn Kereisos 2b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Kereisos 2b in Gemara Clarity

Topic

Why משניות give numbers, and the source that each ערוה brings a separate liability

Overview

The גמרא asks why our משנה says 'thirty-six כריתות' when it lists them all anyway. רבי יוחנן answers that the number teaches a separate חטאת for each sin done in one הֶעְלֵם, and the same holds for the thirty-nine אבות מלאכות of שבת. The גמרא then runs through other משניות that give numbers. Most of these numbers reject another תנא's list, such as רבי אליעזר בן יעקב on the גר, רבי שמעון on שבועת הפקדון, רבי אליעזר on the נשיא, and the chain of counts for אבות נזיקין. The count of five who bring one קרבן for many sins shows the משנה follows רבי יוסי ברבי יהודה about when a טמא נזיר's pure נזירות restarts. Next, the גמרא returns to רבי יוחנן and asks how we know each ערוה is a separate liability. He answers from the separate כרת for the sister, and after רב ביבי בר אביי's challenge, a הקש ties all the עריות to her. Finally, the גמרא shows how רבי יצחק and the רבנן each find sources for separate liability, and this discussion continues on the next עמוד.

Opening lines

The steps (48)

1. QuestionWhy does the משנה give a number?
2. ResponseThe number teaches a separate liability for each sin
3. QuestionThe same question about the thirty-nine labors of שבת
4. ResponseSame answer: a separate חטאת for each labor
5. QuestionThe same question about the four people still missing atonement
6. ResponseThe number four rejects a view that counts five
7. ProofThe source showing רבי אליעזר בן יעקב adds the convert
8. QuestionWhy does the משנה count 'four' who bring a קרבן even for an on-purpose sin?
9. ResponseThe number four rejects רבי שמעון about the deposit oath
10. QuestionWhy does the משנה count 'five' who bring one קרבן for many sins?
11. ResponseThe number five makes sure the נזיר case is counted
12. StatementHow a נזיר can become טמא many separate times
13. ResponseThis follows רבי יוסי ברבי יהודה
14. ChallengeAccording to רבי, the case cannot happen
15. RejectionBecoming impure again on the seventh day is one long impurity
16. RejectionBecoming impure again on the eighth day needs a separate offering each time
17. ConclusionSo the case follows רבי יוסי son of רבי יהודה
18. QuestionWhat are the two opinions based on?
19. ResponseThe verse 'he shall sanctify his head that day'
20. QuestionWhy does the משנה count five who bring a sliding-scale offering?
21. ResponseThe number five rejects רבי אליעזר's view about the נשיא
22. QuestionWhy does the משנה count four main types of damage?
23. ResponseThe number four rejects רבי אושעיא's thirteen
24. QuestionWhy does רבי אושעיא give a number?
25. ResponseThirteen rejects רבי חייא's twenty-four
26. QuestionWhy does רבי חייא give a number?
27. ResponseTwenty-four leaves out the informer and the one who makes a קרבן פיגול
28. StatementReturning to the statement: liable for each one
29. ChallengeMaybe all the forbidden relations count as one
30. ResolutionThe sister was singled out to split them up
31. ChallengeMaybe only the sister is separate
32. ChallengeDoesn't רב ביבי accept the rule about an item singled out from a group?
33. ProofThe ברייתא's example: peace offerings teach about all altar offerings
34. Resolutionרב ביבי: even there, not everything is included
35. ChallengeRav Beivai: maybe only women like the sister count separately
36. ResolutionThe verse ties all the עריות to the sister through a הקש
37. QuestionHow does רבי יצחק know each ערוה counts separately?
38. Responseרבי יצחק learns it from the פסוק about נדה
39. ChallengeWhy don't the רבנן also learn it from 'ואל אשה בנדת טומאתה'?
40. ResolutionYes, the רבנן can learn it from there too
41. QuestionThen what does the sister's כרת teach?
42. ResponseTo separate the sister, the father's sister and the mother's sister
43. ChallengeThree different women are obviously separate
44. ResolutionOne woman who is his sister, father's sister and mother's sister
45. QuestionWhere does רבי יצחק learn this?
46. ResponseFrom the end of the פסוק: 'ערות אחתו גלה'
47. QuestionWhat do the רבנן do with 'אחתו' at the end of the פסוק?
48. ResponseThe רבנן need it for another lesson