Kereisos 3a

כריתות ג׳ ע״א

Keritot 3a

Learn Kereisos 3a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

The sister's כרת, separate חטאות for separate לאוין, and how the משנה counts its 36 כרת sins

Overview

This amud finishes a discussion about why the Torah wrote a separate כרת for one's sister. The רבנן say it teaches that we do not punish based on a קל וחומר. רבי יצחק uses it to teach separate חטאות when one woman is his sister, his father's sister and his mother's sister. רבי הושעיא teaches that two separate לאוין sharing one כרת still require separate חטאות, as with blending and smearing the anointing oil. רב נחמן בר יצחק proves this from the order of the משנה. The גמרא then asks how the משנה reaches 36 כרת sins. רבי יוחנן says the list counts a man's sins, following רבי ישמעאל. רב says 33 are a man's חטאות and 3 more are added to complete the list of כרת sins. Next, the גמרא explains why שבת and עבודה זרה each count as one item. It then searches for a real case of mistaken idol worship, and that search continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (40)

1. ResponseThe רבנן: the sister's כרת teaches about a full sister
2. Responseרבי יצחק holds we do punish from a קל וחומר
3. ResponseAnother option: רבי יצחק learns the punishment from the prohibition
4. Statementרבי הושעיא: two prohibitions with one כרת need separate חטאות
5. ResponseThe example: blending and applying the anointing oil
6. ChallengeThen why is the sister's כרת needed?
7. ResolutionThe extra sister verse teaches a different lesson for each opinion
8. ResponseWhere the רבנן learn the rule of separate liability
9. ResponseWhy רבי יצחק uses the second word 'his sister'
10. Proofרב נחמן בר יצחק quotes the משנה as support
11. ProofWhy incense is placed in the middle of the list
12. ChallengeMaybe the order just keeps the blending cases together
13. RejectionA reversed order would have kept both pairs together
14. ConclusionConclusion: the proof for רבי אלעזר stands
15. QuestionWhose sins is the משנה counting?
16. ChallengeNeither men nor women give 36
17. Resolutionרבי יוחנן: men are counted, and lying with a male is two sins
18. ChallengeThe end of the משנה follows רבי עקיבא, so the beginning should too
19. ResolutionA suggestion: maybe רבי עקיבא agrees with רבי ישמעאל on this point
20. Rejectionרבי אבהו shows רבי עקיבא disagrees with רבי ישמעאל
21. ResolutionSplitting the משנה between two תנאים
22. ChallengeIf so, why not list the two animal cases too?
23. Resolutionאביי: Even רבי ישמעאל Counts Only One Offering for the Animal Cases
24. Statementרב: The משנה Lists 33 Offering Cases Plus 3 Extra כרת Cases
25. ProofProof: פסח and מילה Are Positive מצוות on the List
26. RejectionA Positive מצוה Cannot Bring a קרבן
27. RejectionOnly 'Don't-Do' Sins Bring a חטאת
28. ConclusionThe Proof for רב Stands
29. ChallengeHow Can שבת Be Just One Item?
30. Resolutionרבי יוחנן: He Forgot It Was שבת
31. ProofA ברייתא Backs Up רבי יוחנן
32. ChallengeWhy not teach the case that brings 39 offerings?
33. Proofברייתות that support the 39-offering case
34. ResolutionThe תנא preferred the one-offering case
35. ProofThe משנה teaches עבודה זרה the same way
36. QuestionWhat does a mistaken act of idol worship look like?
37. RejectionBowing in an idol house thinking it was a synagogue does not work
38. RejectionBowing to a king's statue does not work either
39. ResponseThe answer: bowing out of love or fear
40. ChallengeThis answer fits אביי but not רבא