Kesubos 110a

כתובות ק״י ע״א

Ketubot 110a

Learn Kesubos 110a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Kesubos 110a in Gemara Clarity

Topic

אדמון and the חכמים on whether a later deal disproves an earlier debt, רב נחמן and רב ששת on two mutual loan documents, and the three lands of ארץ ישראל for marriage.

Overview

This amud brings two משניות where אדמון and the חכמים argue. In the first, a lender later sold a field to his borrower. In the second, two people each hold a שטר חוב against the other. אדמון says the later deal proves the first debt was not real. The חכמים say the first document still stands. The גמרא explains the field case: the argument is only where the document is written before the money is paid, and it turns on whether the lender should have made a מודעא. For the two documents, רב נחמן says each one collects, and רב ששת says swapping is pointless. Their argument is explained as a question of how land quality is ranked: by each owner's own fields, or by one standard for everyone. The גמרא then tries several ways to fit the משנה with רב ששת. These include loans of different lengths and cases involving orphans. Finally, a new משנה teaches that ארץ ישראל counts as three separate lands for marriage.

Opening lines

The steps (32)

1. StatementThe case of the field sale and אדמון's argument
2. StatementThe חכמים say the lender was clever
3. ChallengeThe גמרא asks why the רבנן disagree with אדמון
4. ResolutionWhere money is paid first, everyone agrees with אדמון
5. ResolutionWhere the document comes first, אדמון says a מודעא was needed
6. ResolutionThe רבנן: a מודעא would have leaked out
7. StatementTwo people each holding a loan document against the other: אדמון's view
8. StatementThe חכמים: each one collects his own loan
9. Statementרב נחמן and רב ששת argue about two mutual loan documents
10. StatementWhere both sides agree: land of equal quality
11. StatementWhere they argue: middle-quality land against worst land
12. StatementHow the two collections come out different
13. StatementWhy רב ששת says swapping is pointless
14. ChallengeWhy assume the worst-land owner collects first?
15. ResolutionHe claimed first
16. RejectionThey collect at the same time
17. ResolutionThe real case: one owns best and middle land, the other only worst
18. ChallengeThe משנה's ruling seems to clash with רב ששת
19. Resolutionרב נחמן explains the משנה as loans of different lengths
20. RejectionThe first loan cannot be the ten-year loan
21. ResolutionThe first loan was for five years, the second for ten
22. ChallengeWas the five-year loan already due or not?
23. ResolutionHe borrowed on the exact day the five years ended
24. Resolutionרמי בר חמא: the case involves orphans
25. ChallengeBut the משנה says both collect
26. ResolutionOne collects, the other has the right but nothing to take
27. Rejectionרבא's first objection: the wording says both collect
28. Rejectionרבא's second objection: pay the orphans with land, then take it back
29. Conclusionרמי בר חמא's explanation stands refuted
30. ChallengeWhy not explain it as a case of different land quality?
31. ResolutionA creditor who already took land keeps it
32. StatementThe three lands of ארץ ישראל for marriage