Kesubos 33a

כתובות ל״ג ע״א

Ketubot 33a

Learn Kesubos 33a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

Money instead of lashes: the sister case between עולא and רבי יוחנן, whether עדים זוממין need a warning, and the source that one who injures pays rather than being lashed.

Overview

This amud finishes the argument between עולא and רבי יוחנן about a man who violates his sister: does he pay the קנס or get מלקות? First the גמרא shows that a lashes verse is not 'cancelled' as long as some case is left for it. Examples are עדים זוממין in a בן גרושה case, a blow worth less than a פרוטה, and a sister who is a בוגרת. רבי יוחנן's real reason is that he needs 'תחת אשר עינה' for אביי's teaching about בושת and פגם. עולא learns that teaching from רבא's reading of 'השוכב עמה' instead. Next, רבי אליעזר says עדים זוממין pay rather than get lashes because they cannot be warned, and רבא shows there is no workable moment to warn them. אביי and רב אחא challenge that proof. Then אביי argues that עדים זוממין need no warning at all, because of 'כאשר זמם'. The verse 'משפט אחד' extends this even to the בן גרושה case. Finally, רב שישא proves from the verse of men fighting near a pregnant woman that חובל בחבירו pays money and is not lashed. רב אשי challenges two assumptions behind that proof.

Opening lines

The steps (20)

1. ChallengeThe same complaint would cancel the verse about hitting a person
2. ChallengeThe same complaint would cancel the lashes for false witnesses
3. ResolutionBoth verses still apply in special cases
4. ChallengeThe sister case can also be fulfilled
5. Resolutionרבי יוחנן needs the verse for אביי's teaching
6. QuestionWhere does עולא learn אביי's teaching?
7. Responseעולא learns it from רבא's reading
8. Statementרבי אליעזר: false witnesses can't be warned
9. Proofרבא proves there is no good time to warn them
10. Challengeאביי: warn them right after they speak
11. Challengeרב אחא: warn first, then hint during testimony
12. Resolutionאביי: false witnesses need no warning at all
13. Challengeרב סמא: what about the son of a divorcee?
14. ResolutionOne law for all false witnesses
15. Statementרב שישא: a new source for one who injures
16. Proofרבי אלעזר: the fight was a deadly one
17. QuestionWhat exactly was the case of the fighting men?
18. ResponseThey were warned, and the warning also covers injury, yet the פסוק says he only pays
19. ChallengeWho says a warning for the severe act covers the lighter act?
20. ChallengeWho says death is more severe than lashes?