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Kesubos 82b

כתובות פ״ב ע״ב

Ketubot 82b

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Topic

The יבמה's status and כתובה after יבום, and how שמעון בן שטח shaped the כתובה

Overview

This amud finishes the משנה about a יבם who marries his dead brother's wife. First the גמרא proves from the פסוק 'ולקחה לו לאשה' that after יבום she is fully his wife, so the איסור of אשת אח never comes back, even after a גט. Her כתובה is paid from the first husband's property, because Heaven gave her to the יבם. If the first husband left nothing, the יבם pays, so that divorcing her is not easy for him. The גמרא then explains the extra lines of the משנה. The word 'וכן' teaches that even a regular wife cannot be limited to money set aside. The words 'if he divorced her' show the law follows רבי אבא. And a remarried יבמה goes back on her first כתובה, even though the יבם never wrote it. Finally, רב יהודה and a ברייתא tell the history of the כתובה. Every early fix left divorce too easy, until שמעון בן שטח ruled that all of the husband's property guarantees the כתובה. The chapter האשה then closes with a הדרן.

Opening lines

מַהוּ דְּתֵימָא:

Lest you say:

מִצְוָה דִּרְמָא רַחֲמָנָא עֲלֵיהּ עַבְדַּהּ,

the מצוה the Merciful One placed on him, he has done it,

וְהַשְׁתָּא תֵּיקוּם עֲלֵיהּ

and now she should stand toward him

בְּאִיסּוּר אֵשֶׁת אָח,

under the prohibition of a brother's wife,

The steps (17)

  1. ResolutionWhy the משנה needed to say he can divorce and remarry her
  2. ChallengeMaybe the brother's-wife prohibition really does come back
  3. ResolutionThe פסוק makes her fully his wife
  4. QuestionWhy her כתובה comes from the first husband's property
  5. ResponseHeaven gave her to him
  6. StatementIf the first husband left nothing, the יבם pays
  7. QuestionWhy does the משנה add 'and similarly'?
  8. ResponseEven a regular wife does not rely on money set aside
  9. Statement'If he divorced her' shows the משנה follows רבי אבא
  10. ChallengeWhy say 'if he remarried her' when we already learned it?
  11. ResolutionWhy the remarried יבמה case is still needed
  12. StatementHow שמעון בן שטח fixed the כתובה system
  13. ProofA ברייתא says the same thing
  14. StatementFirst fix: keep the money at her father's house
  15. StatementSecond fix: keep the money in the husband's house
  16. ConclusionThe final fix: all the husband's property backs the כתובה
  17. ConclusionHadran — Closing the chapter האשה