Gemara Clarity

Kiddushin 19b

קידושין י״ט ע״ב

Learn Kiddushin 19b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

יעוד of an אמה העבריה: when it takes effect, whether the father can block it, and what the word ״לְאָמָה״ teaches

Overview

The amud opens by finishing a proof: since יעוד works when a שוה פרוטה of the maidservant's time is left, קידושין can be done with a debt that has security. A ברייתא then teaches how יעוד is done. The תנא קמא says it works even at the last moment. רבי יוסי ברבי יהודה requires enough time left for a שוה פרוטה of work. רב אחא בריה דרבא shows that the ברייתא's משל of 'from now, after thirty days' fits the רבנן. A second ברייתא has רבי יוסי ברבי יהודה letting the father marry her to another man, and its 'after thirty days' משל fits him. A third ברייתא asks whether a father can sell his daughter on condition that there be no יעוד. רבי מאיר says yes, and חזקיה explains this from the word ״לְאָמָה״. The חכמים instead learn from ״לְאָמָה״ that a father may sell her to פסולים. רבי אליעזר finds that lesson in a different phrase and begins to give his own reading of ״לְאָמָה״, which continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

וְכִי מְשַׁיַּיר בַּהּ שָׁוֶה פְּרוּטָה

And when there still remains in her a peruta's worth

וּמְיַיעֵד – הָווּ קִידּוּשִׁין,

and he designates her, it is a valid betrothal,

הָכָא נָמֵי לָא שְׁנָא.

here too, it is no different.

תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן:

The Sages taught:

The steps (29)

  1. ProofDesignation proves you can betroth with a debt that has security
  2. StatementHow designation is done, according to the first opinion
  3. Statementרבי יוסי: enough time must be left for a peruta's worth of work
  4. StatementThe parable: betrothed 'from now, after thirty days'
  5. QuestionWhose opinion does the parable fit?
  6. ChallengeThe parable cannot fit רבי יוסי
  7. ResponseThe משל matches the רבנן
  8. ChallengeIsn't that obvious?
  9. ResolutionThe master never said 'from now'
  10. StatementA second ברייתא: the father can marry her to another man
  11. StatementThe חכמים: the master can still do יעוד
  12. StatementThe second ברייתא's משל: 'after thirty days'
  13. QuestionWhose opinion does this משל fit?
  14. RejectionThe משל cannot match the רבנן
  15. ResponseThe משל matches רבי יוסי ברבי יהודה
  16. ChallengeIsn't that obvious?
  17. ResolutionWhy the משל is still needed
  18. StatementSelling a daughter on condition of no יעוד: רבי מאיר
  19. StatementThe חכמים: a condition against the Torah is void
  20. ChallengeDoes רבי מאיר really allow a condition against the Torah?
  21. Resolutionחזקיה: the word ״לְאָמָה״ makes יעוד optional
  22. QuestionWhat do the חכמים learn from ״לְאָמָה״?
  23. ResponseThe חכמים: he may sell her to פסולים
  24. ChallengeWhy need a פסוק? Logic should teach it
  25. RejectionThe logic fails: betrothal is broader than sale
  26. ConclusionSo the פסוק ״לְאָמָה״ is needed
  27. Statementרבי אליעזר finds a different source for selling to people of flawed lineage
  28. QuestionSo what does the word ״לְאָמָה״ teach?
  29. Responseרבי אליעזר begins his answer