Gemara Clarity

Kiddushin 29a

קידושין כ״ט ע״א

Learn Kiddushin 29a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Kiddushin 29a in Gemara Clarity

Topic

Acquiring from הקדש when prices change; women's obligations in מצוות; a father's duties to his son (מילה and פדיון הבן)

Overview

The amud opens by finishing a ברייתא about buying or redeeming an item from הקדש when its price changes. With הקדש, money is what acquires, and a regular person's power should not be stronger than הקדש's. In three of the four cases the buyer pays the higher price, but if he paid 100 and the price then rose, he pays only 100. The גמרא explains that a regular seller could not freely back out either, because of the curse of מי שפרע. A new משנה then teaches which מצוות women are obligated in: father-son duties, time-bound and non-time-bound positive מצוות, and prohibitions, with three exceptions. רב יהודה explains that 'מצוות הבן על האב' means a father's duties toward his son, such as מילה, פדיון הבן, teaching Torah, marrying him off, and teaching a trade. The גמרא finds sources for מילה and פדיון הבן and shows why the mother is not obligated in them. A ברייתא then argues over whether a man redeems himself or his son first. רבי ירמיה begins to limit that argument, and his statement continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

עַד שֶׁיִּמְשׁוֹךְ וְיַחְזִיק.

until he pulls or takes possession.

מְשָׁכוֹ בְּמָנֶה

If he pulled it at a hundred

וְלֹא הִסְפִּיק לִפְדּוֹתוֹ

and he did not manage to redeem it

עַד שֶׁעָמַד בְּמָאתַיִם –

until it stood at two hundred –

The steps (38)

  1. StatementEnd of the rule: between regular people, only pulling or taking possession acquires
  2. StatementCase 1: Pulled at 100, price rose to 200 before paying
  3. StatementCase 2: Pulled at 200, price dropped to 100 before paying
  4. StatementCase 3: Paid 200, price dropped to 100 before pulling
  5. StatementCase 4: Paid 100, price rose to 200 before pulling
  6. ChallengeWhy not apply the 'regular person is not stronger than הקדש' rule in Case 4?
  7. ResolutionA regular seller who backs out is also under the curse of מי שפרע
  8. Statementמשנה: father-son מצוות
  9. Statementמשנה: time-bound and non-time-bound positive מצוות
  10. Statementמשנה: prohibitions apply to all, with three exceptions
  11. QuestionWhat does 'מצוות הבן על האב' mean?
  12. ChallengeA ברייתא shows women must fear their parents too
  13. Resolutionרב יהודה: the phrase means duties a father owes his son
  14. StatementThe ברייתא listing a father's duties to his son
  15. Statementרבי יהודה: no trade means teaching him to steal
  16. ChallengeDoes he really teach him to steal?
  17. ResolutionIt is as if he teaches him to steal
  18. QuestionWhere do we learn the father must circumcise his son?
  19. Responseאברהם circumcised his son יצחק
  20. StatementIf the father doesn't, the court must
  21. StatementIf the court doesn't, he must circumcise himself
  22. QuestionWhere do we learn the mother is not obligated?
  23. Response'As God commanded him', not her
  24. QuestionWhere do we learn that מילה applies for all generations?
  25. ResponseThe word 'command' means urging, for now and for all generations
  26. ProofProofs that 'command' means urging and lasts for generations
  27. QuestionWhere do we learn the father must redeem his son?
  28. ResponseThe פסוק: 'Every firstborn of your sons you shall redeem'
  29. StatementIf the father did not redeem him, the son must redeem himself
  30. QuestionWhere do we learn the mother is not obligated to redeem?
  31. ResponseOnly someone who must redeem himself must redeem others
  32. QuestionWhy is a woman not obligated to redeem herself?
  33. ResponseThe reading תיפדה links redeeming others to redeeming oneself
  34. QuestionHow do we know others need not redeem a woman?
  35. ResponseYour sons, and not your daughters
  36. StatementA father redeems himself before his son
  37. Statementרבי יהודה: the son comes first
  38. Statementרבי ירמיה begins: everyone agrees