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Kiddushin 56b

קידושין נ״ו ע״ב

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Topic

Ending the מעשר שני penalty discussion, then the משנה on קידושין with אסורי הנאה and the sources for ערלה, כלאי הכרם and שור הנסקל

Overview

This amud opens by finishing a discussion about מעשר שני money spent on ordinary items. The case is one where the seller ran away, which implies that otherwise we would penalize the seller. After a parable about the mouse and the hole is challenged, the גמרא concludes that we penalize whoever is holding the forbidden money. Then a new משנה teaches that קידושין with items one may not benefit from, such as ערלה, כלאי הכרם and a שור הנסקל, does not work, but קידושין with the money from selling them does. The גמרא finds sources for each item. ערלה comes from 'וערלתם את ערלתו'. For כלאי הכרם, it accepts חזקיה's reading 'פן תוקד אש' over רב אשי's comparison to קודש. For the שור הנסקל, it works through which words of the פסוק teach the ban on eating, the ban on benefit, and the ban on the hide, using רבי אבהו's rule and the extra words 'את בשרו'. The amud ends by asking what the other תנא learns from the word 'את', and the answer comes on the next amud.

Opening lines

כְּשֶׁבָּרַח.

Where he fled.

וְטַעְמָא דְּבָרַח,

And the reason is that he fled;

הָא לֹא בָּרַח – קָנְסִינַן לְמוֹכֵר.

but if he did not flee, we would penalize the seller.

וְנִקְנְסֵיהּ לְלוֹקֵחַ!

And let us penalize the buyer!

The steps (33)

  1. ResolutionThe case is where the seller ran away
  2. StatementInference: had he not fled, we would penalize the seller
  3. ChallengeWhy not penalize the buyer?
  4. ResolutionThe mouse doesn't steal, the hole does
  5. ChallengeBut without the mouse, what would the hole do?
  6. ResolutionPenalize wherever the forbidden money is
  7. StatementNew משנה: betrothing with items one may not benefit from
  8. QuestionWhere do we learn that ערלה is forbidden for benefit?
  9. QuestionThe ברייתא: the פסוק only says 'not eaten'
  10. Response'You shall treat its fruit as ערלה' includes all benefit
  11. QuestionWhere do we learn that benefit from כלאי הכרם is forbidden?
  12. Responseחזקיה: 'פן תקדש' means 'lest it be burned'
  13. Responseרב אשי: 'פן תקדש' means 'lest it become קודש'
  14. ChallengeIf כלאים is like קודש, its money should take its place
  15. ConclusionThe source is clearly חזקיה's reading
  16. QuestionWhere do we learn the rule of a שור הנסקל?
  17. QuestionThe ברייתא asks why 'its flesh shall not be eaten' is needed
  18. ResponseEven if slaughtered after the verdict, it may not be eaten
  19. QuestionWhere do we learn that benefit is forbidden too?
  20. ResponseFrom 'and the owner of the ox shall be clean'
  21. QuestionHow do these words show that benefit is forbidden?
  22. Responseשמעון בן זומא: 'clean of his property'
  23. ChallengeMaybe the verse only forbids benefit from an ox that was already stoned
  24. Proofרבי אבהו's rule: 'it shall not be eaten' also bans benefit
  25. ResolutionHere the eating ban already comes from 'it shall be stoned'
  26. ResolutionThe extra words 'its flesh' teach that slaughter does not help
  27. ChallengeMaybe only stone-slaughter counts
  28. RejectionA knife is not special in the תורה
  29. QuestionWhat does 'בעל השור נקי' add?
  30. ResponseIt teaches that the hide is forbidden
  31. QuestionOther תנאים use 'נקי' differently
  32. ResponseThe word 'את' adds the hide
  33. QuestionWhat does the other side do with 'את'?