Kiddushin 57a

קידושין נ״ז ע״א

Learn Kiddushin 57a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Kiddushin 57a in Gemara Clarity

Topic

Learning from "את", and the ban on benefit from עגלה ערופה and ציפורי מצורע: its source and when it begins

Overview

The גמרא first explains that one opinion does not learn laws from the little word "את". It backs this up with the story of שמעון העמסוני, who stopped expounding "את" at "את ה׳ אלהיך תירא", until רבי עקיבא taught that this "את" includes תלמידי חכמים. Next, the גמרא returns to the משנה's list. It learns that an עגלה ערופה is forbidden for benefit from the word כפרה, just like קדשים. It learns that ציפורי מצורע are forbidden because the item that enables is treated like the item that atones. רבי יוחנן and ריש לקיש then argue about when the birds become forbidden: at שחיטה, or already when they are taken. רבי יוחנן challenges ריש לקיש three times. The last challenge pushes ריש לקיש to say the issue is an argument among תנאים. Finally, the גמרא asks why the ברייתא gives the permitting פסוק to the sent-away bird and not to the slaughtered one. רב שמואל בר רב יצחק begins to challenge the answer, and his challenge continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (28)

1. ResolutionThis opinion does not learn from the word "את"
2. Proofשמעון העמסוני stopped learning from "את"
3. QuestionThe students ask about all his earlier teachings
4. ResponseReward for expounding and reward for stopping
5. Statementרבי עקיבא: the "את" includes תלמידי חכמים
6. QuestionWhere do we learn the ban on benefit from עגלה ערופה?
7. Response"כפרה" is written by it, like קדשים
8. QuestionWhere do we learn the ban on benefit from ציפורי מצורע?
9. ResponseInside and outside: things that permit and things that atone
10. ResponseFinishing the comparison: what is outside follows the pattern of what is inside
11. StatementDispute: from when are the birds of a מצורע forbidden?
12. StatementThe reasons behind each opinion
13. QuestionFrom when is עגלה ערופה itself forbidden?
14. Responseרבי ינאי forgot; the scholars say going down to the valley forbids it
15. ChallengeChallenge to ריש לקיש: then the birds should not be forbidden from the taking
16. ResolutionDefense: the birds have no other boundary
17. Challengeרבי יוחנן challenges from the פסוק that forbids the slaughtered bird
18. ResolutionAnswer: the פסוק teaches that שחיטה does not permit it, unlike קדשים
19. ChallengeA slaughtered bird found to be a טריפה is permitted
20. ResolutionThe defect was inside the bird from the start
21. ChallengeA ברייתא about a bird slaughtered without the other items
22. ChallengeBoth opinions agree the bird is not forbidden while alive
23. ResolutionThis is an argument among תנאים
24. ResolutionEnabling items are treated like atoning items, both inside and outside
25. StatementBack to the ברייתא: the sent-away bird is permitted and the slaughtered bird is forbidden
26. ChallengeWhy not flip the two פסוקים?
27. ResolutionA living kosher creature is never found to be forbidden
28. Challengeרב שמואל בר רב יצחק begins to challenge the principle