Kiddushin 68a

קידושין ס״ח ע״א

Learn Kiddushin 68a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

When קידושין takes effect with forbidden women (עריות, נדה, לאוין) and the views of רבי עקיבא and the רבנן, and why it never works with a שפחה כנענית

Overview

The גמרא has learned that קידושין does not work with the עריות, because they are all compared to אחות אשה. It asks why נדה is different, and חזקיה answers from a פסוק. It also explains that when a comparison could go either way, we choose the stricter one. רב אחא בר יעקב offers another source, a קל וחומר from a יבמה. רב פפא then shows from the 'loved wife and hated wife' פסוק that קידושין does work with women forbidden only by a לאו. The גמרא asks how רבי עקיבא, who disagrees, explains that פסוק. It works through the reports of רבי סימאי and רבי ישבב and admits that רבי עקיבא's reading is forced. Finally, רב הונא learns from 'stay here with the donkey' that קידושין does not work with a שפחה כנענית. The גמרא then begins to ask where we learn that her child follows her status, and that question continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (23)

1. ChallengeWhy is נדה not included with the other עריות?
2. ResolutionA פסוק shows that marriage works with a נדה
3. ChallengeWhy compare the עריות to אחות אשה and not to נדה?
4. ResolutionWhen in doubt, we compare toward the stricter result
5. StatementA קל וחומר from יבמה
6. ChallengeThen marriage should fail with every לאו
7. ResolutionThe Torah says marriage works with a לאו
8. ChallengeHow does רבי עקיבא explain the hated-wife verse?
9. ResolutionThe verse is about a widow married to a כהן גדול
10. Proofרבי סימאי's teaching about רבי עקיבא
11. ChallengeWhat about רבי ישבב's version of רבי עקיבא?
12. ResolutionFine if רבי ישבב is only arguing with רבי סימאי
13. ChallengeBut if רבי ישבב states a full rule of his own
14. Resolutionרבי ישבב's case: a non-virgin married to a כהן גדול
15. ChallengeWhy is this positive command different?
16. ResolutionA positive command that does not apply to everyone
17. ChallengeWhy don't the רבנן use positive-command cases?
18. ResolutionNo positive-command case fits the verse
19. ChallengeWhat about רבי עקיבא?
20. Resolutionרבי עקיבא is forced into a difficult reading
21. QuestionWhere do we learn that קידושין fails with a שפחה כנענית?
22. Responseרב הונא learns it from the donkey in the story of the עקידה
23. QuestionSumming up what is proven so far, before the next question