Kiddushin 74a

קידושין ע״ד ע״א

Learn Kiddushin 74a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

Who is believed about facts only they know (a seller, a judge, a בכור, a שתוקי's mother), and a new משנה on whether people of flawed lineage may marry each other.

Overview

The גמרא finishes a ברייתא about people believed on facts only they know. A seller is believed about whom he sold to when both people paid him. A judge is believed about his ruling while the litigants are still before him, in a שודא דדייני case where the written verdicts were torn. רב נחמן then lists three people believed about a בכור: a midwife, the mother and the father, each for a different length of time. רבי יהודה extends the father's word even to calling a son a בן גרושה, and חכמים disagree. Next the גמרא explains אבא שאול's term 'בדוקי'. The mother is believed that the father was fit even where most men around her are unfit, and רבא rules like אבא שאול. A new משנה asks whether people barred from the קהל may marry each other, with views from רבי יהודה and רבי אליעזר. The גמרא raises problems with how to read that משנה, and רב יהודה's answer begins at the end of the amud and continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (25)

1. ChallengeWhy not just check whose money the seller took?
2. ResolutionHe took money from both buyers
3. StatementA judge is believed about his ruling
4. ChallengeWhy not just check who holds the written verdict?
5. ResolutionThe written verdicts were torn
6. ChallengeWhy not just judge the case again?
7. ResolutionThe case was decided by judges' discretion
8. StatementThree people are believed about a בכור
9. ProofThe father's source: 'he shall acknowledge'
10. Statementרבי יהודה extends the father's credibility; חכמים disagree
11. QuestionWhat does אבא שאול mean by 'בדוקי'?
12. ChallengeIf it means checking the mother, that was already taught
13. ProofThe משנה in כתובות where the mother is believed
14. ResolutionOne ruling for the mother, one for her daughter
15. ChallengeBut one opinion already makes the daughter fit too
16. ResolutionWhy אבא שאול still adds something
17. Conclusionרבא rules like אבא שאול
18. StatementNew משנה: may people of flawed lineage marry each other
19. Statementרבי אליעזר: definite cases versus doubtful cases
20. QuestionWho are 'all those forbidden to enter the congregation'
21. ChallengeThat was already taught in the first משנה of the chapter
22. QuestionA second problem: what does רבי יהודה forbid?
23. ChallengeIt can't be definite with doubtful, because that is רבי אליעזר's view
24. ChallengeIt can't be a גר with a ממזרת, because the משנה isn't discussing a גר
25. Resolutionרב יהודה begins his answer