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Makkos 16b

מכות ט״ז ע״ב

Makkot 16b

Learn Makkos 16b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

The end of רבי יוחנן's list of לאו הניתק לעשה cases, then lashes for forbidden creatures and for טבל missing מעשר עני

Overview

The גמרא finishes testing רבי יוחנן's statement that only a few prohibitions with a fix-it מצוה (לאו הניתק לעשה) still get מלקות. It explains that the משכון of a גר is not on his list because the man still owes money. It then struggles with פאה and concludes that רבי יוחנן's two cases are שילוח הקן and פאה. The אונס is not one of them, because a vow made with the public's consent can be undone for a מצוה, as the story of the reinstated teacher shows. Next the גמרא turns to the משנה's forbidden foods. It rules on creatures from plowed furrows, and counts the sets of מלקות for a פוטיתא, an ant and a wasp. It also gives cases of 'לא תשקצו' and explains how crushed ants plus one live ant add up. Finally, רב rules that food missing only מעשר עני is still טבל, based on רבי יוסי's גזירה שוה. רב יוסף then begins a מחלוקת of תנאים on this, which continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

הָתָם, גַּבְרָא בַּר תַּשְׁלוּמִין הוּא,

There, the man is someone who is subject to payment,

וְשִׁיעְבּוּדָא דְּגֵר הוּא דְּקָא פָקַע.

and it is only the convert's lien that has lapsed.

וְהָא אִיכָּא פֵּאָה,

But isn't there the case of the corner of the field,

דְּרַחֲמָנָא אָמַר ״לֹא תְכַלֶּה פְּאַת וְגוֹ׳״

as the Merciful One said: "You shall not finish off the corner, etc."

The steps (20)

  1. ResolutionThe man who kept the convert's collateral owes money, so he is not lashed
  2. ChallengeChallenge: פאה should also be on the list
  3. ProofProof that the chance to give פאה can be lost
  4. Resolutionרבי יוחנן follows רבי ישמעאל: פאה can be given even from dough
  5. ChallengeEven for רבי ישמעאל, eating the dough ends the מצוה
  6. ResolutionThe 'one more' case is פאה, not the אונס
  7. ProofThe teacher who was put back in his job
  8. Statementמלקות for eating the fish-like creature from plowed furrows
  9. Proofרב יהודה actually gave מלקות for it
  10. StatementFour sets of מלקות for eating a פוטיתא
  11. StatementAn ant brings five sets of lashes and a wasp brings six
  12. StatementHolding back from relieving oneself breaks לא תשקצו
  13. StatementDrinking from a bloodletter's horn breaks לא תשקצו
  14. StatementNine crushed ants plus one live ant bring six sets of lashes
  15. StatementEven two crushed ants, or even one, with the live ant
  16. ResolutionNo real disagreement: big ants versus small ants
  17. Statementרב: missing only poor man's tithe still counts as טבל
  18. Responseרב follows רבי יוסי in a ברייתא
  19. ProofThe פסוק that makes food missing מעשר עני forbidden
  20. Statementרב יוסף: this is a מחלוקת of תנאים